tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29464311078265061102024-03-13T10:04:08.771-07:00On a Grave SubjectKimberly J. Sawtellehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14205580201786739150noreply@blogger.comBlogger17125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2946431107826506110.post-27335007244722186522018-08-31T07:37:00.000-07:002018-09-06T14:56:32.986-07:00Murder at West Great Works<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp1vtV63IIxXR9V5Ip25GbYv8Hn6IGq0aabQBaW7rK7Hkgor546US0uLOwMAmSVrHHOzIsoFJqqku_5aOWv6arNe6d-j_ZHgXpLlS32QMsX3OGjmJe-9gtXcKBfiTt5iofAs8ZenIGH6U/s1600/MillAtWestGreatWorks.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Sepia photograph of lumber mill" border="0" data-original-height="603" data-original-width="1103" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp1vtV63IIxXR9V5Ip25GbYv8Hn6IGq0aabQBaW7rK7Hkgor546US0uLOwMAmSVrHHOzIsoFJqqku_5aOWv6arNe6d-j_ZHgXpLlS32QMsX3OGjmJe-9gtXcKBfiTt5iofAs8ZenIGH6U/s400/MillAtWestGreatWorks.JPG" title="" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Undated, 19th Century photograph of the timber-built lumber mill at West Great Works constructed on cribs to create a spit in the Penobscot River (See Figure 1). To the left of the smokestack, roofs of houses and tenements in West Great Works Village are visible. This land now lies beneath the foundation of the Old Town mill complex. Image: </span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 107%;">MS1732_DemerittD_Box_2_Folder_11_224 courtesy of Special Collections, Raymond H. Fogler Library, DigitalCommons@UMaine, <a href="https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/spec_photos/657">https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/spec_photos/657</a> </span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">Another Horror!</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Augustus Gowen was an ordinary man who lived an ordinary life in 19th Century Maine. The end of his life, however, was shrouded in mystery, speculation, and innuendo. Gowen's death marked the second brutal ax murder to happen in Penobscot County in a 31-day span in 1879, spurring the <i>Bangor Whig & Courier</i> and the <i>Bangor Daily Commercial</i> newspapers to seize on and report every thread of gossip about the suspects and victim alike, casting aspersions on Augustus' otherwise respectable, albeit mundane life.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Portrait thought to be of Augustus Gowen, ca. 1865. <br />Photograph courtesy of Paul Aldrich.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Born in Union, Maine in August 1810, Augustus Gowen was one of at least nine children, five of whom were brothers. The firstborn son, Preston, died at age three in 1809, but four brothers survived childhood. According to various U. S. Census records, the eldest surviving brother, Erastus Gowen, became a farmer and carpenter while Augustus, Luther, and Albert all chose careers in the lumber industry: Augustus as a millwright; Luther, a scaler, and Albert, a lumberman. Working as support players in the industry that gave birth to Bangor’s lumber barons, Erastus, Augustus, and Luther all married and settled in the greater Bangor, Orono-Old Town area making successful, yet modest livings while Albert relocated to St. Anthony, Minnesota where timber boomed, feeding western expansion following the Civil War.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Portrait of Eliza H. (Joy) Gowen, 1810-1868. <br />Photograph courtesy of Paul Aldrich.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">On January 20, 1834, Augustus married Eliza H. Joy, the sister of prominent Orono merchant, Hiram Joy. The union marked Gowen’s elevation from laborer to the merchant class. Though never as wealthy or successful as his brother-in-law, Gowen made a living that supported his small family. According to Paul Aldrich, the Gowens’ great-great-grandson, there is some confusion regarding the number of children born to Eliza and Augustus.<sup>1</sup> According to municipal records, the couple had a daughter Caroline, who died August 28, 1843, at 11 years 11 months of age<sup>2</sup> and lays in an unmarked grave at Riverside Cemetery in Orono. According to this information, the child’s birth in September 1831 pre-dates the Gowens’ documented marriage by nearly three years. The alleged birth, however, was never recorded in the family bible, according to Aldrich,<sup>3</sup> and Caroline was not enumerated in the 1840 Federal census for Orono which recorded the presence of only one female child in the household who matches the documented age of daughter, Martha, as “Free White Persons-Females-Under 5.”<sup>4</sup> Without supporting documentation for Caroline’s birth or death, Aldrich credit’s association of the child’s name with the Gowens’ gravesite as a potential clerical error.<sup>5</sup> Alternatively, if she was the couple’s first child, the circumstances of the little girl’s birth may account for the community’s rapid descent into salacious speculation about Augustus Gowen’s private life following his murder. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Portrait of Martha (Gowen) Crowell, 1836-1871. <br />Photograph courtesy of Paul Aldrich.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Though a member of the Republican party, a supporter of education for women, and the Temperance movement, Gowen’s name appears infrequently in local newspapers. In 1856, he served as secretary of the Freemont Club of Orono<sup>6</sup>, supporting John Charles Frémont’s failed campaign for the U.S. Presidency. During the 1860s, when his brother-in-law Hiram served as a town Selectman and Tax Collector,<sup>7</sup> Gowen apparently served a stint as town coroner in 1864 as he was credited in the <i>Whig & Courier</i> for holding a coroner’s inquest into the accidental drowning death of David Smith.<sup>8</sup> Beyond these brief mentions in the Bangor paper, Gowen lived the kind of life rarely noted in print. Working as a millwright, Gowen opened a shop in the property known as Buffum’s store in Orono. Facing some apparent financial difficulty in the mid-1850s,<sup>9</sup> the shop eventually closed, possibly around the time of his brother-in-law’s death.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Grave marker of Martha (Gowen) Crowell and three of her four children, Edith, Fred, and Lizzie, at Riverside Cemetery, Orono, Maine located in Range 2E, Lot 78, near the graves of her parents. The front of the marble marker bears the names of Martha’s husband, James M. Crowell and his second wife, Delia W. Heald. Photo by Kimberly J. Sawtelle.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Gowens’ daughter, Martha, married James Moody Crowell in early 1860 and happily gave birth to a first grandchild, Mary, on December 31 of that year. Unfortunately, the balance of the 19th Century would largely bring sorrows to Augustus Gowen. First, his friend and brother-in-law, Hiram, died in February 1861<sup>9</sup> after a protracted illness. Eliza’s death followed on December 13, 1868.<sup>10</sup> The deaths of two grandchildren, Edith and Fred, followed in March and July of 1869. Little more than 18-months later, Martha died of consumption on January 23, 1871.<sup>11</sup> By the time of Gowen’s own death in March of 1879, only two grandchildren survived him; of them, only Mary lived to see the 20th Century.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Quiet Night at Home</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">On the evening of March 10, 1879, at age 69, Augustus Gowen sat reading in his room. Born in the earlier part of the century, he still wore an old-fashioned wig. After closing up the shop for the day, he doffed the wig that lay on the table beside him.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Sometime following Eliza’s death and possibly due to his financial difficulties, Gowen moved from Orono to the village of West Great Works in Old Town to occupy the first floor of a house owned by Erastus, who lived and worked in Bangor. Facing the challenges of advancing age and changing technology in the lumber industry, Gowen opened a wheelwright shop in the front room of the house, repairing carriages and wheels but also taking whatever work came his way, including sharpening tools. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Cover of a shipping crate addressed to Augustus Gowen in Orono, possibly when his shop was located in the Buffum building. The crate was later converted into a toy box which eventually fell apart. The cover was salvaged and now serves as a wall hanging in the home of Gowen’s great-great-grandson, Paul Aldrich. Photograph courtesy of Paul Aldrich.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Gowen occupied a single room of the house behind the shop. The room was sparsely furnished with a cook stove that also provided heat, a lounge, a table, a large trunk that served for storage, and a bed. His financial circumstances were not what they’d been before Eliza’s death, but Gowen was able to keep the woodshed adjacent to his sleeping room, stocked with wood. He also made enough to hire a neighborhood woman to wash his clothes and occasionally prepare food for him when he tired of what fare he could muster himself.</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The upstairs of the house was rented to Mrs. Polk and her three children whose voices and activities could be heard through the floor just as his activities could be heard above. This night, with his tenant and two of her progeny attending church services while the third slept upstairs, the house was silent but for the crackle of a fire in the stove and the turning of pages. At some point, Gowen removed his glasses, possibly as he considered preparing for bed. A knock at the shop door caused him to rise from his seat. His wig, glasses, and open book lay forgotten on the table as Gowen went to greet his unexpected visitor.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 107%;">A view of the southeast side of West Great Works Village taken in 1912 from the site of the sulfite mill, under construction, looking toward the railroad depot. Much of the village has since disappeared under today’s sprawling Old Town mill complex. Photograph, possibly taken by Ora Buffum Stevens, provided courtesy of Rusty Stevens.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Horror Dawns</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">As the morning of March 11, 1879, dawned, the people of West Great Works Village went about the routine business of their lives. More than one customer stopped by Augustus Gowen’s shop that morning but the door remained bolted. Near 1 p.m., with no signs of activity in the shop, Gowen’s friends feared he was ill and needed help. A gathering of men nominated the young Polk boy from upstairs to be boosted through a window to check on the older man’s well-being.<sup>12</sup> It’s unlikely the sight that greeted the boy upon entering Gowen’s room ever left the child. Returning to the window too frightened to communicate coherently, the Polk boy was removed and several men entered to find Gowen’s mangled body, his throat cut.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Published accounts of the crime scene vary and official coroner records documenting the murder scene and investigation could not be located in any municipal office or law-enforcement agency, library, local, or state historical repository. If any official records survive, they likely are among papers kept by Hartwell Lancaster, a successful Old Town farmer who became a deputy sheriff and served as the community’s coroner for over 20 years. Lancaster also owned rental property across the street from Gowen and presided over the investigation with the assistance of Old Town lawyer, David Norton. Esq. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Reports agree that following the discovery of Gowen’s body, the men exited the house and called for the coroner. Despite the large crowd that gathered, entry to the crime scene was barred to all but Lancaster, the hastily impaneled jury, two doctors, and local reporters. Jurors inspecting the scene included Norton, Lorenzo Moor, Charles W. Lowell, E. W. Conant, Horatio W. Harris, and Jesse Prentiss.<sup>13</sup> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Gowen’s body lay on the floor, his head toward the foot of the bed and his feet slightly under the bed, according to the <i>Bangor Daily Commercial</i>. His body was still clothed and wearing boots,<sup>14</sup> indicating he had yet to retire for the night. Neither report published in the <i>Whig & Courier</i> nor the <i>Daily Commercial</i> indicated if the body was supine or prone.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Figure 1. Map showing the central portion of the Village of Great Works, Old Town from page 55 of the <i>Atlas of Penobscot County Maine</i>, 1875.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Local physicians, Dr. Jerome Elkins and Dr. Joseph Norcross examined the body and determined that Gowen received six major wounds including three violent blows to the back, top, and side of his head, two gashes across the throat, and one under his chin. The order in which the wounds were delivered is unclear though the victim’s </span>heart beat<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> long enough to cause extensive bleeding. The crushing blow to the top of Gowen’s head exposed brain matter but, according to both doctors, the wounds to the back and side of the head were of great enough force alone to have killed the man. There was also a smaller cut on one of Gowen’s cheeks, which may have resulted from him falling after one of the blows,</span><sup style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">15</sup><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> possibly hitting his face on the corner of the table.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The coroner’s jury faced no questions about the instrument of Gowen’s murder. The <i>Bangor Daily Commercial</i> reported that “an ax besmeared with blood was found laying on the lounge. The blood was so plentiful on it that it stuck very tenaciously to the lounge and considerable force was required to release it.”<sup>16</sup> While the <i>Whig & Courier</i> reported that the murder weapon was an ax owned by a man named Carr who dropped the tool off to be sharpened, the <i>Daily Commercial</i> countered with information that the ax was a “shop ax and had been in Mr. Gowen’s possession for some time.”<sup>17</sup> The <i>Daily Commercial</i> further reported that the victim’s blunt force trauma was inflicted by the ax poll while the sharp blade was used to cut the man’s throat.<sup>18</sup> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Not published until completion of the coroner’s inquest was evidence that Gowen’s body was moved post-mortem. While the <i>Bangor Daily Commercial</i> does not discuss the presence of drag marks, it makes clear that Gowen’s head was approximately six feet away from a large blood pool that lay between the lounge and the bed. Supporting this evidence was Mrs. Polk’s account that she returned from church with her children a little past 9 p.m. and retired to bed about 10:30 p.m. Though she reported hearing nothing out of the ordinary during this period, Mrs. Polk told the investigators that “sometime in the night she awoke,” hearing the shop door open “and some person or persons pass through the shop to [Gowen’s] living room.”<sup>19</sup> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The reason for the murderer’s return to the scene was undetermined, though the jury suggested that it was at this time the body was moved. The supposition was that the guilty party returned to collect evidence left behind. It may also be surmised the perpetrator wished to confirm that Gowen was dead and unable to bear witness against his attacker.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">West Great Works Village bloomed on the periphery of the large sawmill complex built by Rufus Dwinel—a wealthy Bangor lumber baron—and his primary partner M. P. Sawyer. The Great Works mill complex began in 1833 with the construction of a double-mill. The following year Dwinel, Sawyer & Co. built five more mills running as many as twelve saws simultaneously.<sup>20 </sup>In response to the demand for labor, families gravitated to Old Town, building homes near the mills.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">According to the 1880 U.S. Census, a year after Gowen’s death, 58 families comprised of 284 people including borders, inhabited a total of 54 dwellings in the village of West Great Works.<sup>21 </sup>With the great boom days of lumber past them, working-class families that prospered at mid-century began to struggle economically. On average in 1880, each West Great Works household included at least one millworker or domestic servant reporting an estimated three months of unemployment in the previous year.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Augustus Gown was living in a state of poverty in 1879. Both Bangor newspapers reported that Gowen was well-known and well-liked in Orono and Old Town. The <i>Bangor Daily Commercial</i>, however, opted to point out his turn of fortune, “He has lived by himself in the rear part of the shop, his wife having died some years before and also his children. He has of late years been in poor circumstances and has barely earned enough to live.”<sup> 22</sup> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Despite Gowen’s reported economic state, the coroner found a small roll of bills on his person, pointing away from robbery as the potential motive for the murder. Aside from the attack, Gowen’s room remained otherwise undisturbed. His wig, book, and glasses lay on the table. The room was neat and the bed made. The only evidence of disturbance noted by the jury, beyond that of the body, was blood spatter on one wall and the presence of two footprints on the foot of the bed as though the perpetrator stepped onto the bed in order to step over either it or Gowen’s body. Though the front door of the shop was locked, the door from Gowen’s room into the woodshed was unbarred, as was the door from the woodshed into the backyard.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">When Gowen’s body was initially discovered, his death was thought to be suicide but the extent of physical damage made foul play undeniable. Word spread like wildfire through Old Town and Orono, and soon an estimated 400 to 500 curiosity-seekers milled about the village, trampling potential evidence. As in any excited crowd, speculation soon sparked rumors that spread like oil on water.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Both the <i>Whig & Courier</i> and the <i>Daily Commercial</i> published rumors about an alleged tangle of love affairs involving Gowen, his 32-year-old laundress and neighbor Mary Etta Patten, her husband Alonzo Patten, and Walter Riggs. Patten, a Civil War Veteran with a reputation as a combative drunk, was arrested for beating his wife in 1877. Refusing to back down in the face of domestic violence, Mary Etta pressed charges and Patten was fined $15 and sentenced to six months in the Penobscot County Jail.<sup> 23</sup> Taking exception to the turn of events, Patten abandoned his wife and children. At some undetermined point thereafter, Riggs moved in.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Though both Patten and Riggs were detained for questioning on March 11, there was no evidence to charge the pair and they were released the following day. Patten minced no words when he addressed the rumors in a Letter to the Editor published in the <i>Bangor Daily Commercial</i> on March 13:<sup> 24</sup></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Mr. Editor:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Allow me to state to the public and the citizens of Oldtown in particular, that on Monday night I was arrested as one who was connected with the murder of Augustus Gowen. Nothing being proven against me, I was discharged from arrest. I have always been on friendly terms with the late Mr. Gowen and was not jealous of him or anyone else, for when I separated from my wife, she became to me as one dead and buried.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Alonzo Patten.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">For the story of Alonzo Patten's life, read <a href="http://onagravesubject.blogspot.com/2018/05/forgotten-soldier-forgotten-man.html" target="_blank">Forgotten Soldier, Forgotten Man</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A woman with the last name of Martin appears to be the best candidate for Person Zero in the proliferation of gossip swirling about the murder case. Renting a room just down the hall from Mary Etta Patten and Walter Riggs, Ms. Martin claimed that she, herself, anticipated a visit from Augustus Gowen the night of the murder. Having initially borne witness against Riggs, Martin later claimed she witnessed two Native American men entering Gowen’s shop at 7:30 p.m.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“The Martin woman was very outspoken that one of the murderers of Gowen was an Indian whom she knew,”<sup>25</sup> the <i>Bangor Daily Commercial</i> reported. With Martin’s claim bolstered by a tale told by a somewhat notorious resident of Indian Island, Newell Lacoot of Perry, Maine was briefly detained before being released.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3UjJj-1shegNRCQqrDiAwjUzd_xNauSwixuByEPz6oOOLkAKN0OomcHaQkZbdMQoZxWq8cjgJciWOrRgJUXfyO67XFc2A8Awz0vKgWieosrYx1nJAm24VqaKuHgulaxMUN-4EJtZ8yNw/s1600/Figure2.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Detail map of murder scene" border="0" data-original-height="383" data-original-width="404" height="377" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3UjJj-1shegNRCQqrDiAwjUzd_xNauSwixuByEPz6oOOLkAKN0OomcHaQkZbdMQoZxWq8cjgJciWOrRgJUXfyO67XFc2A8Awz0vKgWieosrYx1nJAm24VqaKuHgulaxMUN-4EJtZ8yNw/s400/Figure2.jpg" title="" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Figure 2: Neighborhood detail from a map of Great Works Village, Old Town from page 55 of the Atlas of Penobscot County Maine, 1875. The Erastus Gowen house, where the murder occurred, is highlighted in red and a red line depicts a possible path of escape taken by the murderers based on witness descriptions published in contemporary newspaper reports.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The findings of the coroner’s inquest published in the <i>Bangor Daily Commercial</i>, notes testimony by three credible witnesses, Mr. and Mrs. Berry, who resided in the Seth Rowe house on the northwest corner of the block,<sup>26</sup> (See Figure 2) and a “young lady”—possibly one of William Bowman’s daughters. The neighbors, like Mrs. Polk and her children, were returning from the Baptist Church service at approximately 9 p.m. As the Berry’s separated from her, the young woman continued toward the Bowman residence and was startled by two men exiting the woodshed behind the Gowen house, starting in her direction. Frightened, the woman raced home. As she reached her door, the woman turned to see the two men cross Main Street and run in the opposite direction.<sup>27</sup></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The young woman’s account was corroborated by Mr. Berry who, upon arriving home, directed his wife inside but lingered outside himself. At the sound of footsteps crunching in the snow, Mr. Berry turned to see two men cross between Gowen’s place and his own. He called to his wife, who looked through a window, and together the couple watched the men dressed in dark clothing, one taller than the other, cross Main Street. Turning northeast, the pair ran through an empty lot toward the railroad tracks. Given the reported timing, it is possible that the sound of Mrs. Polk and her children returning from church caused the perpetrators to flee into the night where their departure was witnessed by neighbors.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The throng of foot traffic following the discovery of the murder and the impact of an early spring rain made identification of the men’s footprints a nearly impossible task. Investigators, however, determined from prints closest to the Gowen house that one man appeared to wear overshoes while the other wore moccasins; both being common forms of footwear the discovery was not particularly revealing. In the end, the darkly-dressed men escaped apprehension and as time marched on, the murder of Augustus Gowen went cold and unsolved.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHO0TArTQp3M9nSEDpPdvhrXa9bqSymrEepsUwe-t1HnaGH4x9IGyEHzjLHQhAg7SAGRKy3UrkOfwAaJ5khunaB0TamXM6oWp3fBEJTff53tfMpxvz8pq_AUZPqntDKhOZ-HkZJP3JHSQ/s1600/GowenGravesite.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Photograph of Eliza Gowen gravestone" border="0" data-original-height="506" data-original-width="820" height="246" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHO0TArTQp3M9nSEDpPdvhrXa9bqSymrEepsUwe-t1HnaGH4x9IGyEHzjLHQhAg7SAGRKy3UrkOfwAaJ5khunaB0TamXM6oWp3fBEJTff53tfMpxvz8pq_AUZPqntDKhOZ-HkZJP3JHSQ/s400/GowenGravesite.JPG" title="" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The Gowen family lot in Riverside Cemetery, Orono, Maine, Range 2E, Lot 62, contains the marked grave of Eliza H. (Joy) Gowen and the unmarked grave of Augustus Gowen. The site also potentially contains the body of Caroline, a daughter listed in town records but not in family records. The bodies of the couple’s daughter Martha and three grandchildren rest nearby. Photograph by Kimberly J. Sawtelle.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In the days following his death, Gowen’s body was laid to rest in an unmarked grave beside Eliza and—possibly—their daughter, Caroline. Erastus and Luther Gowen, each facing their own financial challenges, did not provide a marker for their brother. Gowen’s granddaughter, Mary Crowell whose deceased mother and siblings lay buried nearby, put away the horror of her grandfather’s murder and the sordid rumors it spawned. The case went cold and the painful event transformed into a family secret so closely guarded that even Gowen’s great-great-grandson, genealogist Paul Aldrich, was unaware of his great-great-grandfather’s tragic end until contacted for information as part of the research for this story.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /><b>Acknowledgments</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I extend my sincere gratitude to Paul Aldrich for his insight and information about his family. It was Paul who was able to connect the Main Street cited in the newspaper narrative with Erastus’ property in West Great Works Village rather than Old Town proper; and who provided me with a scan of the village map from the 1875 <i>Atlas of Penobscot County</i>, allowing me to put into spatial context a neighborhood that disappeared long ago. I thank Paul for his enthusiasm, sense of humor, and for providing the family photos that illustrate this post.</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I thank Eisso Atzema, of the Old Town Museum, for fielding my many questions about the OTM archives and for providing the reference to Paul Aldrich’s 2003 article published in <i>The Maine Genealogist</i> which gave me an avenue to track down the author. </span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I thank Chief Scott Wilcox of the Old Town Police Department; Assistant Attorney General Lara Nomani; and Lindsey Chasteen from the Office of Chief Medical Examiner for responding to my inquiries about records pertaining to obscure, 19th Century coroner inquests. I thank Desiree Butterfield Nagy of Fogler Library Special Collections; Earle Shettleworth, Maine State Historian; Betsy Paradis of Bangor Public Library; and Helen Tutwiler of the Maine State Archives, for assisting me in my search for historic images of West Great Works Village. Finally, I thank Rusty Stevens for providing the only photograph I’ve seen of a portion of West Great Works Village as of the date this blog was posted.</span></span></div>
<span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span> <span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>References</b></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>1</sup>Aldrich, Paul. Personal Communication, 28 Jun 2018.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>2</sup>Typescript Riverside Cemetery MSL:974.1 v074r, 1993.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>3</sup>Aldrich, Paul. Personal communication, 28 Jun 2018.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>4</sup><span style="background: white; color: #181a1c;">Ancestry.com. Sixth Census of the United States, 1840. (NARA microfilm publication M704, 580 rolls). Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29. National Archives, Washington, D.C. Images reproduced by FamilySearch.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup><span style="background: white; color: #181a1c;">5</span></sup><span style="background: white; color: #181a1c;">Aldrich, Paul.</span> Personal communication, 28 Jun 2018.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>6</sup><i>Bangor Daily Whig & Courier </i>(Bangor, Maine), Friday, June 20, 1856; Issue 302</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>7</sup>Aldrich, Paul M. “The Joys of Good Deeds: Using Circumstantial Evidence to Prove the Parents of Eliza H. Joy of Clinton and Orono, Maine.” In <i>The Maine Genealogist</i>, Vol. 25. No. 4., 2003, pp. 165-176</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>8</sup><i>Bangor Daily Whig & Courier </i>(Bangor, Maine), Monday, March 28, 1864; Issue 228</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>9</sup><i>Bangor Daily Whig & Courier </i>(Bangor, Maine), Thursday, February 14, 1861, Issue 193</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>10</sup><i>Bangor Daily Whig & Courier </i>(Bangor, Maine), Wednesday, December 16, 1868; Issue 310</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>11</sup><i>Bangor Daily Whig & Courier</i> (Bangor, Maine), Wednesday, January 25, 1871, Issue 21</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>12</sup><i>Bangor Daily Commercial </i>(Bangor, Maine), Tuesday, March 11, 1879, Issue 59</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>13</sup>Ibid.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>14</sup><i>Bangor Daily Whig & Courier </i>(Bangor, Maine), Tuesday, March 11, 1879; Issue 60</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>15</sup><i>Bangor Daily Commercial </i>(Bangor, Maine), Tuesday, March 11, 1879, Issue 59</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>16</sup>Ibid.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>17</sup>Ibid.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>18</sup>Ibid.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>19</sup><i>Bangor Daily Commercial </i>(Bangor, Maine), Wednesday, March 19, 1879, Issue 66</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>20</sup>Norton, David. <i>Sketches of the Town of Old Town, Penobscot County, Maine from its Earliest Settlement, to 1879; with Biographical Sketches</i>. Bangor: S. G. Robinson, 1881, p. 35.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>21</sup>Tenth Census of the United States, 1880. (NARA microfilm publication T9, 1,454 rolls). Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29. National Archives, Washington, D.C., pp.3-8.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>22</sup><i>Bangor Daily Commercial </i>(Bangor, Maine), Tuesday, March 11, 1879, Issue 59</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup><span style="background: white; color: #181a1c;">23</span></sup><i>Bangor Daily Whig & Courier</i>, Saturday, August 18, 1877; Issue 195</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>24</sup><i>Bangor Daily Commercial </i>(Bangor, Maine), Thursday, March 13, 1879, Issue 61</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>25</sup><i>Bangor Daily Commercial </i>(Bangor, Maine), Wednesday, March 19, 1879, Issue 66</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>26</sup>Sherman W. A. “West Great Works, Town of Old Town.” Map published in <i>Atlas of Penobscot County Maine. From Recent and Actual Surveys & Records</i>. New York: Comstock & Cline, 1875, p. 55.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>27</sup>Op. Cit. </span></div>
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<br />Kimberly J. Sawtellehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14205580201786739150noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2946431107826506110.post-29933815750380634102018-05-25T13:52:00.000-07:002018-06-28T03:25:06.125-07:00Forgotten Soldier, Forgotten Man<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbysi0fg8q7FiUqSseD52WwHoOw2kk-WPNPeeh0iNVyNcMx08HuXRM1a3-5nnENmsXeTWww6s9Vl5-PeYG5kXcuujo25m1_29gjQa6av-acrmkdgz1_6tzYwgn1IemAew3Q8WRLMKtfsQ/s1600/00181r.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbysi0fg8q7FiUqSseD52WwHoOw2kk-WPNPeeh0iNVyNcMx08HuXRM1a3-5nnENmsXeTWww6s9Vl5-PeYG5kXcuujo25m1_29gjQa6av-acrmkdgz1_6tzYwgn1IemAew3Q8WRLMKtfsQ/s320/00181r.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photograph of a young, unidentified <br />
Union Soldier from Maine.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Alonzo Patten was dealt a lousy hand. It isn’t that he didn’t try to do the right thing—at least once upon a time; it’s just that this is how life shuffled the deck and ultimately, how Alonzo played his cards. His was a life easily recognized, even in the 21st Century. Alonzo was born into a set of human circumstances that play on a continuous loop for a significant number of economically-challenged Americans of low social status. These circumstances ensure that there’s always going to be a measure of forgotten souls in every generation, regardless of their choices.</span></span><br />
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Childhood Years.</span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Alonzo Patten was born in Etna, Maine in 1842, the first child of Charles W. Patten and Hannah (Laurence or Lawrence). Though the couple married in Bangor in February 1840, an extensive search of U.S. Federal Census records for 1840 and 1850 revealed no secrets about the lives or occupations of Charles or Hannah. Charles’ name first appears in </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Bangor Whig and Courier</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> in 1858 for the theft of an oxen belonging to prominent Bangor citizen, Benjamin Reed. As part of his act of larceny, Charles moved Hannah and their four children, including 16-year-old Alonzo, to Lowell, Massachusetts and assumed the last name, Warren.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">1</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The economic Panic of 1857 caused considerable unemployment in the American Northeast until 1859,</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">2</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> so it is possible that Charles was unable or unwilling to find employment in Maine and relocation to Lowell by whatever means necessary, would have afforded Charles the opportunity to find work for himself—or at the very least—for three of his four children in textile mills or tanneries.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">3</span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Tracked to Lowell by Bangor police, Charles was arrested and returned to Maine. Hannah and the children followed in his wake, moving to Old Town. In August 1859, at age 37, Charles was tried and sentenced to three years hard labor at Thomaston State Prison,</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">4</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> leaving Alonzo and his eldest sister, Harriet to find work and prevent the broken household from sinking into abject poverty. </span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">At age 18, Alonzo was working “on lumber,” according to the </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1860 U.S. Census of Old Town, Maine.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">5</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> His earnings combined with those of 16-year-old Harriet, who worked as a domestic servant, sustained their mother and younger siblings, who now included two-month-old Charles Jr., conceived just prior to Charles Sr.’s departure for prison. To mask the shame of being married to a convicted cattle rustler, Hannah claimed widow status in the census.</span></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7ESKDZG5RR-WSQ1Dp7pR2-f79oTFd_9In53qxIC5fOsXnq4kJ37KfSDIdm-kIsQrKJfGEouWJyVa6Q2TZccYT1kctArmrlZhn9ZAylpqUVayeRG0TfEElD5s2f_iz_tYrkv_OQd35EYY/s1600/increasedBounty-Bangor+Daily+Whig+%2526+Courier+%2528San+Francisco%252C+%2529%252C++Saturday%252C+August+10%252C+1861%253B+Issue+35.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="A few able bodied men wanted to fill up Captain Cass' Company of Volunteers now in barracks and about to join the 7th Regiment." border="0" data-original-height="324" data-original-width="468" height="138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7ESKDZG5RR-WSQ1Dp7pR2-f79oTFd_9In53qxIC5fOsXnq4kJ37KfSDIdm-kIsQrKJfGEouWJyVa6Q2TZccYT1kctArmrlZhn9ZAylpqUVayeRG0TfEElD5s2f_iz_tYrkv_OQd35EYY/s200/increasedBounty-Bangor+Daily+Whig+%2526+Courier+%2528San+Francisco%252C+%2529%252C++Saturday%252C+August+10%252C+1861%253B+Issue+35.JPG" title="Volunteers for the 7th Maine Regiment" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Advertisement from the Bangor Whig<br />
and Courier promoting an enhanced<br />
bounty for volunteers enlisting with<br />
the Seventh Maine Regiment.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Shouldering the financial responsibility of maintaining his family, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Alonzo did not succumb to the first wave of patriotism that swept through central Maine at the start of the U.S. Civil War in April 1861. By August of that year, however, as his father’s release date neared, Alonzo responded to the call for Bangor volunteers to the Seventh Maine Infantry which offered an increased bounty.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">6</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Though criticized by </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Whig and Courier</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> editors as a “disgraceful exhibition,”</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">7</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> a Copperhead heckler at a rally for the Seventh Maine may not have been far from the mark when accusing new recruits of enrolling for the bounty money as a means of preventing their own starvation. </span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Reporting to Augusta, Alonzo claimed rights to a bounty that paid $22 when he mustered and offered $13 per month plus rations, in addition to an extra $3 in rations per month “amounting in all to $16 per month.”</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">8</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> This figure represented an increase over the $11 per month offered in July, as the flow of enthusiastic volunteers waned and communities struggled to meet the requisite quotas. When he mustered out, Alonzo was due to receive an additional $100 for his service but it turned out there was no guarantee of payment. Ultimately, the Veteran was forced to sue the City of Bangor to recover $300 in bounty he was due “by virtue of his enlistment to fill her quota.”</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">9</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">From Boy to Man</span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">For the first seven months of his service in the Union Army, Private Alonzo Patten and 1,504 other members of the Seventh Maine served relatively light duty. After training in Augusta, the Regiment departed by train for drills and duty with Dix’s Division in Baltimore, Maryland where, like so many northern regiments, sickness swept through the camp. From October 25, 1861 until March 1862, members of the Seventh were assigned to Davidson's Brigade, W. F. Smith's Division, Army of the Potomac. The Regiment was moved to Washington, D.C. for duty at Georgetown Heights until the men were relocated to an encampment at Lewinsville, Virginia. </span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In March 1862, the Seventh Maine became part of the brigade’s advance toward Manassas attached to the 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, 4th Army Corps, Army of the Potomac. The new assignment announced the end of innocence for the soldiers of the Seventh Maine and for 19-year-old Alonzo Patten. As part of two divisions under General Erasmus D. Keyes, the Seventh Maine joined the Peninsula campaign and saw combat for the first time on April 4, 1862. </span></span></span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU4veDMFRRx-Qk1MP7IhaljeAx2NVUveXtiuEoEQU6aKvhHMufS6ux2Dtg5iWiFwtnctjz8xO7Mbw1805rFcNNfrv6_03LoBja1gkxtlAWqKgTnShHWnR8qeC7_s8RF7rhrbq7yUwUv5U/s1600/800px-Yorktown1862.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Map of Penninsula campaign" border="0" height="303" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU4veDMFRRx-Qk1MP7IhaljeAx2NVUveXtiuEoEQU6aKvhHMufS6ux2Dtg5iWiFwtnctjz8xO7Mbw1805rFcNNfrv6_03LoBja1gkxtlAWqKgTnShHWnR8qeC7_s8RF7rhrbq7yUwUv5U/s400/800px-Yorktown1862.png" title="Battlefield map" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map of the Peninsula Campaign showing the location of Lee's Mill where<br />
Alonzo Patten and his company faced 54 straight hours of heavy Confederate<br />
artillery fire and numerous skirmishes. Click on the map to enlarge view.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></span></span> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Poor weather and rough terrain lead Union leaders to overestimate the strength of Confederate forces at Fredericksburg. Politics, reluctant officers, and the unveiling of the C.S.S. Virginia—converted from the U.S.S. Merrimack scuttled by Union forces in Norfolk in </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-31fb82af-98c2-7b4e-5670-be665ab9a7c9" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1861</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">10</span></span></span>—combined to cast long, dubious shadows over the campaign by the Army of the Potomac. Still, on April 4, General George McClellan ordered the army to move. The Seventh Maine marched toward Young’s Mill and when April 5 dawned with cold, heavy rain, the ground was churned into a quagmire, slowing the Union’s advance.<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The scene was described in a May 7th letter from Maine Captain Charles D. Gilmore to </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Bangor Whig and Courier</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">:</span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin: 0pt 49.5pt 8pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Our regiment were in the advance, as skirmishers to the left wing of the army, April 5. From Young's Mills to the line of the enemy's fortifications, this side of Yorktown, we drove the rebel pickets before us, without any loss to ourselves. We arrived at their works at half past twelve, when brisk firing commenced and was continued until dark. A continual picket fire was kept up until the 7th, when our regiment was relieved, having been under fire for 54 hours. Our casualties in that time were two killed, two taken prisoners (Lieut. [Timothy] Swan and a bugler named Brown) and several wounded.</span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin: 0pt 49.5pt 8pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">From that time forward our regiment remained within range of the enemy shells, and were in some skirmish or exciting picket duty until we got well acquainted with the whistle of rifle balls, the whiz and explosion of shells and the rattle of grape canister [</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">sic</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">]. Seeing the great amount of lead and iron it took to destroy one man served to make our men courageous and bold, and fitted them well for the charge or nearer approach to the rascals.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">11</span></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNhtjqidm8qF0MXwRhPwTyNkAdjTZp2Bhxr5deX5hDLuNMlwyFjbXH09n5eS9Sss5v2PLdqtQmaUvQqusjKT1HPujMU_bDegrGT1pY5aq366fpx7w3HRfMFi3lgtrTpSlDpGXqhMkIW6g/s1600/800px-Yorktown_artillery2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Historic photograph of soldiers standing beside mortar guns" border="0" data-original-height="510" data-original-width="800" height="127" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNhtjqidm8qF0MXwRhPwTyNkAdjTZp2Bhxr5deX5hDLuNMlwyFjbXH09n5eS9Sss5v2PLdqtQmaUvQqusjKT1HPujMU_bDegrGT1pY5aq366fpx7w3HRfMFi3lgtrTpSlDpGXqhMkIW6g/s200/800px-Yorktown_artillery2.jpg" title="13-inch Mortar guns at Yorktown" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Federal Siege Guns Yorktown, <br />
Virginia.1863. 13-inch mortars.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Gilmore's letter glosses over the series of violent skirmishes that took place when Rebel forces of 150 to 500 men repeatedly attacked Union troops. Nor does he mention the cold, heavy rains that plagued the battle which required Union soldiers to lay in cold mud with orders that no campfires be lit to provide warmth or light for fear of drawing Rebel fire during the 54 hours of bombardment endured.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">12</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Captain Gilmore was wounded about 5 p.m., April 15 at Garrow Ridge, while in command of the advance picket guard. His May 7th letter recounts witnessing Commander William Farrar Smith attempting to advance a small force of Vermonters across Dam No. 1, against McClellen's orders. As Gilmore cleared a fence on his horse, he was injured as a shell exploded beneath him. Six days later, Alonzo Patten received a near fatal shot in the side.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">13</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“Alonzo Patten, Co. C,” Gilmore reported, “supposed to be mortally wounded, but hopes are now entertained of his recovery.”</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2iZ6s9zOZSR2fbICmlWZREktzq2tx_u1F1w3PlXsJGs6imZ-bwKBSTj_MTC7Fc-QS0x4ePVjZe4qqsEm0CJNJTrBm-sI6nnXim-jC4X2LhTz4GaIIHXM7fHHFVm2I-AV9eA-H6VtA0xU/s1600/AlonzoEnscriptionRecord.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="File card with handwritten record of Alonzo Patten reenlistment" border="0" data-original-height="1009" data-original-width="1600" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2iZ6s9zOZSR2fbICmlWZREktzq2tx_u1F1w3PlXsJGs6imZ-bwKBSTj_MTC7Fc-QS0x4ePVjZe4qqsEm0CJNJTrBm-sI6nnXim-jC4X2LhTz4GaIIHXM7fHHFVm2I-AV9eA-H6VtA0xU/s400/AlonzoEnscriptionRecord.jpg" title="Alonzo Patten enscription card" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Alonzo Patten's record of service with 1st Maine Cavalry. His physical description <br />
indicates he is 5-feet, 9-inches tall with a dark complexion, sandy hair, and <br />
blue eyes. Click on the image to enlarge the view.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Surviving his wounds, Alonzo was discharged for disability on August 4, 1862 but after returning to Old Town to recuperate, he reenlisted on August 17, 1863, joining Co. B. of the 1st Maine Volunteer Cavalry Regiment. He was soon transferred to Company D, 1st Regiment D.C. Cavalry where he started out as the camp baker but quickly received a promotion to Quartermaster Sergeant on January 1, 1864.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">14</span> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">As Quartermaster Sergeant, Alonzo was responsible for all the Company’s property, wagons, horses, ordnance, and provisions. The promotion meant he was no longer required to fight on the front line but remain in camp, protecting the wagons. </span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Unfortunately, the responsibility appears to have been too much for Alonzo and by May 1, 1864, he voluntarily resigned his post and returned to the rank of Private. Records of the D.C. Cavalry provide evidence that Alonzo’s condition was in decline as he was repeatedly hospitalized with no discussion as to his symptoms. He was back on the field of battle at the Siege of Petersburg, however, when he was reported missing in action on June 29, 1864. He returned to his Company on July 3, apparently having returned to the hospital at some point during or after the battle.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">15</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Following Lee’s surrender at Appomattox, Alonzo completed his period of enlistment, discharging for a final time, August 1, 1865.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">16</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Life as a Veteran</span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">While men like Captain Gilmore and thousands of others who served in the Union or Confederate Armies were able to endure the physical and psychological trauma of battle and return to civilian life, others faced an existence permanently altered by physical disability or post-traumatic stress. Just as with U. S. Veterans in the 21st Century, the latter group of men often used alcohol to self-medicate against horrific nightmares, flashbacks, panic attacks, and all-consuming self-doubt. </span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">According to Matthew J. Friedman, MD, PhD, Senior Advisor and former Executive Director of the National Center for PTSD, “Accounts of psychological symptoms following military trauma date back to ancient times,” but it wasn’t until 1952 that “gross stress reaction” was identified as a real, psychological impact for individuals and not simply a “moral failing.”</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">17</span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">For Alonzo Patten, this recognition came a century too late.</span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Despite any potential intentions to support or preserve his family, following Alonzo’s return from service in 1862 and Charles Sr.’s release from prison, the Patten sisters began to scatter to find work or marry. Family discord may have even contributed to Alonzo’s decision to reenlist in 1863. </span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">As Alonzo served his country, his immediate family disintegrated. By 1864, Harriet was dead. In </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">January 1865, Charles Sr. won a petition for divorce from Hannah.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">18</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Following his return to Maine, Alonzo’s youngest sister Delania married for the first time in Haverhill, Massachusetts in 1866.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">19</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> She subsequently divorced and remarried. Alonzo’s middle sister, Emma married in Hallowell in March 1868, only to succumb to death in late July of the same year. The fates of Hannah, Charles W. Sr., and Charles W. Jr. are unknown as of this writing.</span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Alonzo remained in Old Town, working as a lumberman and fighting to recover the bounty never received from the City of Bangor for his enlistment. The matter was likely contested due to Alonzo’s subsequent service with the 1st Maine and D.C. Cavalries but “after the testimony was out a verdict pro forma was rendered for the plaintiff.”</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">20</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Flush with this windfall, Alonzo married Mary Etta Danforth, the daughter of William Danforth, an Old Town peddler. By January 1870, the couple welcomed their first child, Mary Etta who eventually went by the name Etta May. In 1872, the couple’s son Albert Alonzo was born, followed by their final child, Mellie R. H. Patten in 1875.</span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">As his family grew in size, Alonzo witnessed an economic downturn in the Maine lumber industry resulting from the Depression of 1873–79. At the end of the 1870s, significant numbers of men, including Veterans, began to face long stretches of unemployment in Old Town. According to the Old Town Annual Report, Alonzo began seeking support from the town in 1877.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">21</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> The public record indicates that leading up to this time, Alonzo began drinking heavily, increasing the social and economic stress on his family until the evening of Thursday, August 16, 1877, when he was arrested for beating his wife.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">22</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Unlike many women of the time, Mary Etta stood her ground and pressed charges. Alonzo was found guilty, fined $15, and sentenced to six months in Penobscot County Jail. </span></span></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZesSlRqbQbiswIaKX3jLpjFuXBc9stjPdPTNLDaLRxrN-ByYmN6cW8x9T3dkJgiWmd4k3Q0eHdYvhdPursIzprdKpNf_ao0j0kS2ztIsTumvTIiY4QaaCB1XYJpo5SA9ffXktCPlu7Ec/s1600/washerwoman.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Black and white photograph of a 19th Century washer woman" border="0" data-original-height="488" data-original-width="445" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZesSlRqbQbiswIaKX3jLpjFuXBc9stjPdPTNLDaLRxrN-ByYmN6cW8x9T3dkJgiWmd4k3Q0eHdYvhdPursIzprdKpNf_ao0j0kS2ztIsTumvTIiY4QaaCB1XYJpo5SA9ffXktCPlu7Ec/s200/washerwoman.JPG" title="Washer woman" width="181" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Unidentified washer woman<br />
standing at a wooden wash tub.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> To provide for her children, Mary Etta began taking in laundry and boarders, and cooking for widowers in the community. Nonetheless, the incident marked the family’s descent into the wretched poverty Alonzo staved off by joining the army when his own father was imprisoned.</span></span><br />
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">By the time 1879 rolled around, the once responsible teenager, respected soldier, and wounded Veteran was no longer a hero in the eyes of his community. Through habitual, excess public consumption of alcohol in temperance-minded times, Alonzo Patten became Old Town, Maine’s most prominent and notorious town drunk—a disruptive, pugnacious, wife-beating derelict whose actions caused callous tongues to cluck and wag.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Gossip and his own alcohol-fueled, anti-social behavior eventually made Alonzo a prime suspect in the vicious axe murder of Augustus Gowen in March 1879.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">23</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> It was a crime of which he was innocent but, human nature and prejudice being what it is, Alonzo, his wife, and children were marked with more shame than any of them truly deserved.</span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Descent Toward Death</span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">False accusations of promiscuity against Mary Etta and Alonzo’s characterization as a mean-tempered drunk were published in the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Whig and Courier</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> following the Gowen murder, decimating the family’s already tattered reputation and making both members of the couple unemployable. The family was thrown into deeper poverty, forcing Mary Etta to leave her 8-year-old son at the Old Town Poor Farm</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">24</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> in 1880, as a way to feed and clothe the child while she continued the struggle to support her daughters using Alonzo’s Civil War pension. </span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In 1881, Alonzo and his children, Albert and Etta May, lived on the Poor Farm</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">25</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> together until April, when Alonzo abandoned his family outright by moving to the National Home For Disabled Soldiers at Togus.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">26</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> There he signed his pension over to the institution in exchange for food, clothing, and housing.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">27</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> This action deprived his wife of even this small income and in 1883, 6-year-old Mellie joined her siblings on the Poor Farm.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkJfbkgOc2t1wpXy15j8WpBycNh5EUyvIytzPsgT8lyt_m4v91OpkKu-NzW8Ze4S5kt1RliWrFnt8rk_JgRZi5c5940T16stp33feU1aIyE_xT5_ImB1ESxQJqPm8CY_8fFsP-5Pw9ZYc/s1600/togus.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="556" data-original-width="741" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkJfbkgOc2t1wpXy15j8WpBycNh5EUyvIytzPsgT8lyt_m4v91OpkKu-NzW8Ze4S5kt1RliWrFnt8rk_JgRZi5c5940T16stp33feU1aIyE_xT5_ImB1ESxQJqPm8CY_8fFsP-5Pw9ZYc/s400/togus.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Civil War Veterans, residents of Togus Veterans' Home passing in review<br />
while returning from cemetery, Memorial Day. Click on image to enlarge view.<br />
Photo from: <span class="font-size-4"><a href="http://downeastmainegenealogy.ning.com/page/1910-souvenir-book-of-maine-disabled-volunteer-soldiers-home-now-" target="_blank"><i>Eastern Branch, National Home for D. V. S., Maine</i>.</a> ca. 1910</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Though he sought shelter, and possibly escape, among his comrades at the bucolic setting of Togus where he could be fortified by medicinal whiskey and beer, Alonzo’s record points to continued erratic behavior between 1881 and 1885 as he applied for a furlough he failed to exercise, then sought discharge only to return, and finally be dropped from the rolls altogether on May 20, 1885 following his divorce in Bangor.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">28</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Aside from filing for divorce, alleging three years of abandonment by Mary Etta,</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">29</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and the records from Togus, Alonzo’s activities during this period are largely undocumented. The location of his death was recorded in a ledger at Augusta Mental Health Institute on October 8, 1885, though this information was unknown until The Maine Cemetery Project was granted access to selected hospital records in the 2000s.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">30</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Mary Etta, who likely lived with family members after 1883, also died in 1885 and is buried in the Danforth family lot at Forest Hill Cemetery, Old Town.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Forgotten Man</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Extensive research has yet to reveal the location of Alonzo Patten’s grave. Federal records show that a gravestone was contracted for Alonzo in 1889, to be delivered to “Old Town Cemetery.”</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">31</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> A search of available online records for all cemeteries in Old Town failed to reveal a location for Alonzo’s burial. Neither do records for pauper burials in Augusta hint at a possible location for the Civil War Veteran’s grave. Togus, itself, even lost track of Alonzo’s whereabouts, indicating in records that Albert Patten notified the Soldier’s Home of his father’s death by letter dated May 24, 1898. Credit for Alonzo’s unclaimed pension was paid out to his youngest daughter, Mellie, who lived in West Dresden at the time. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">While it is impossible to diagnose Alonzo in retrospect, the historical record makes it clear that he endured adverse childhood experiences including the incarceration of his father in 1859. By age 19, he suffered through the trauma of a prolonged battle under heavy fire and experienced a near fatal gunshot wound. Though he survived to return home, Alonzo reenlisted with the Cavalry, spending much of this period of service in and out of the hospital until returning to Old Town again in 1865. Court news reported in the local newspaper, points to Alonzo’s decline into alcoholism, unemployablility, and poverty until his death at the mental health institute in 1885.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">By 2018 American social standards, Alonzo earned Hero Status for having served in the Army to defend and preserve the nation. Among his contemporaries, he was a reprobate. A drunken wife-beater who abandoned his children to the support of the Old Town community. Today, Alonzo, like so many with whom he served, lays forgotten in an equally forgotten grave, a man who spent his life fumbling with the cards he was dealt and trying to survive.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">End Notes</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">1</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bangor Daily Whig and Courier</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, Monday, November 15, 1858; Issue 117, p. 2.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">2</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">”Panic of 1858.” Retrieved from Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_of_1857.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">3</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">United States Bureau of Labor, Charles Patrick Neill. (1913). Report on Condition of Women and Child Wage-Earners in the United States. Vol. XVIII: Employment of Women and Children in Selected Industries. Washington: Government Printing Office.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">4</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bangor Daily Whig and Courier</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, Wednesday, August 3, 1859; Issue 26, p. 2</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">5</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1860 U.S. Census, population schedule. NARA microfilm publication M653, 1,438 rolls. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">6</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bangor Daily Whig and Courier</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, Saturday, August 10, 1861; Issue 35, p. 2.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">7</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bangor Daily Whig and Courier</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, Monday, August 19, 1861; Issue 42, p. 2.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">8</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bangor Daily Whig and Courier</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, Saturday, August 10, 1861; Issue 35, p. 2.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">9</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bangor Daily Whig and Courier</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, Friday, October 22, 1869; Issue 252, p. 2.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">10</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Civil War Trust. (n.d.). "The Peninsula Campaign: From Hampton Roads to Seven Pines." Retrieved from https://www.civilwar.org/learn/articles/peninsula-campaign-0</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">11</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bangor Daily Whig and Courier</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, Friday, May 16, 1862; Issue 270, p. 2.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">12</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Fred C. Ainsworth and Joseph W. Kirkley. (1902). </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies Additions and Corrections to Series I--Volume II</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Washington, D.C.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">13</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Historical Register of National Homes for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, 1866-1938; (National Archives Microfilm Publication M1749, 282 rolls); Records of the Department of Veterans Affairs, Record Group 15; National Archives, Washington, D.C.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">14</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Compiled Service Records of Volunteer Union Soldiers Who Served in Organizations from the District of Columbia. pg 6. National Archives, Washington, D.C.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">15</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Compiled Service Records of Volunteer Union Soldiers Who Served in Organizations from the District of Columbia. pg 13. National Archives, Washington, D.C.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">16</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Maine, State Archive Collections, 1718-1957</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Database with images. FamilySearch. http://FamilySearch.org : 14 June 2016. State Archives, Augusta.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">17</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Matthew J. Friedman. (31 May 2017). “History of PTSD in Veterans: Civil War to DSM-5.” Retrieved from https://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/ptsd-overview/basics/history-of-ptsd-vets.asp</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">18</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Maine, Divorce Records, 1798–1891</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Augusta, Maine: Maine State Archives.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">19</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Massachusetts Vital Records, 1840–1911</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. New England Historic Genealogical Society, Boston, Massachusetts.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">20</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bangor Daily Whig and Courier</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, Friday, October 22, 1869; Issue 252, p. 2.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">21</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Old Town (Me.), </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Annual Report of the Town of Old Town for the Year 1877</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">22</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bangor Daily Whig and Courier</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, Saturday, August 18, 1877; Issue 195, p. 3.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">23</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bangor Daily Whig and Courier</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, Wednesday, March 12, 1879; Issue 61, p. 3.</span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 27pt; text-indent: -27pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">24</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Old Town (Me.), </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Annual Report of the Town of Old Town for the Year 1880-81</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. </span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 27pt; text-indent: -27pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #181a1c; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">25</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Old Town (Me.), </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Annual Report of the Town of Old Town for the Year 1880-81</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. </span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 27pt; text-indent: -27pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">26</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Historical Register of National Homes for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, 1866-1938; (National Archives Microfilm Publication M1749, 282 rolls); Records of the Department of Veterans Affairs, Record Group 15; National Archives, Washington, D.C.</span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 27pt; text-indent: -27pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">27</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hartwell, John. (16 Dec. 2016). “National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, Togus, Maine.” Discussion in </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Medical Care of the Civil War</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Retrieved from https://civilwartalk.com/threads/national-home-for-disabled-volunteer-soldiers-togus-maine.129384/</span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 27pt; text-indent: -27pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">28</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Historical Register of National Homes for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, 1866-1938; (National Archives Microfilm Publication M1749, 282 rolls); Records of the Department of Veterans Affairs, Record Group 15; National Archives, Washington, D.C.</span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">29</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Maine, Divorce Records, 1798–1891</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Augusta, Maine: Maine State Archives. </span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 27pt; text-indent: -27pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">30</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Remembrance List</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Compiled by The Maine Cemetery Project from Augusta Mental Health Institute ledgers, Maine State Archives. Amistad, Portland, ME</span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 27pt; text-indent: -27pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super; white-space: pre-wrap;">31</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Card Records of Headstones Provided for Deceased Union Civil War Veterans, ca. 1879-ca. 1903; (National Archives Microfilm Publication M1845, 22 rolls); Records of the Office of the Quartermaster General, Record Group 92; National Archives, Washington, D.C. </span></span></span></div>
Kimberly J. Sawtellehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14205580201786739150noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2946431107826506110.post-50936294609208484612018-02-04T17:59:00.000-08:002018-02-04T17:59:14.189-08:00Funeral for a Bluestocking<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh15csFx-47bqlkdzfpmrME4B9-xucHSiq06qOemDxA16FKXHLlbLZ0G6hR5x09epSANxFCbSJN3lwTLIpgUHsx4Wga4yQfYpcVFKdLeltY6HS40RGI0_Q4qc16KKYcLwpVVgIQQy1_Ae0/s1600/Robina.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" data-original-height="719" data-original-width="502" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh15csFx-47bqlkdzfpmrME4B9-xucHSiq06qOemDxA16FKXHLlbLZ0G6hR5x09epSANxFCbSJN3lwTLIpgUHsx4Wga4yQfYpcVFKdLeltY6HS40RGI0_Q4qc16KKYcLwpVVgIQQy1_Ae0/s320/Robina.png" width="223" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small;">Portrait of Rebecca “Robina” Napier <br />McRuer,
1833-1866</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Rebecca “Robina” Napier McRuer was a Bangor bluestocking and
socialite. Intellectually active and
politically aware, Robina recognized the social inequity affecting the lives of
poor Irish immigrants in her home town. An abolitionist and Union patriot, she
was equally aware of her own socially-defined place as a woman in Bangor’s
upper class and mastered her role as a doctor’s daughter and potential wife. She
did not marry until nearly 30 years of age and then to a man 18-years her
senior. Only three years later, in July
1866, Robina died from complications following childbirth. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The daughter of Scottish immigrant Dr. Daniel McRuer and
Mary Ann Wright, Robina was one of nine children. She graduated Bangor Girl’s
High School around June 1851 and with her best friends Marion (May) Lunt, Celia
Frances (Fanny) Dwinel, and Ada Josephine Hortense Pierce, according to the
recollections of John Edwards Godfrey, Esq., passed a week as the guests of he
and his wife, Elizabeth Angela Stackpole Godfrey at Cliff Cottage in Bangor.
The week, described by Godfrey in his journal as “one of unqualified pleasure”
made such an impression on the man that he recalled it 20 years later following
the death of Ada [Pierce] Williamson in March 1872.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Aside from the occasional, brief mention of Miss R. McRuer
entering floral arrangements in the Bangor Horticultural Society show, the
woman’s name only once appeared prominently in the pages of the <i>Bangor</i> <i>Whig & Courier</i> when she was selected by her peers to present
the men of Maine’s Second Civil War Regiment with a silk American flag sewn “by
the ladies of Bangor.” In the company of Mayor Charles Stetson and Vice
President Hannibal Hamlin, the formal presentation took place on Broadway as citizens
of the region waved their sons off to war on Tuesday, May 14, 1861.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWl1JfFAb7Sg356VDWGLXpYNbok0FfW2lt_UaEodZ7zp8vfJUJT5UqIKYz-5ZN5fiujZbteoURjhg9ju6E0TjhbaTUnAerABpxXeP1Kwx3S3bWp6U6i_-LXP2BgNPQePRe63Jm0cglwk4/s1600/2nd-Maine-Infantry-camp-at-Camp-Jameson-smaller-image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" data-original-height="425" data-original-width="900" height="187" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWl1JfFAb7Sg356VDWGLXpYNbok0FfW2lt_UaEodZ7zp8vfJUJT5UqIKYz-5ZN5fiujZbteoURjhg9ju6E0TjhbaTUnAerABpxXeP1Kwx3S3bWp6U6i_-LXP2BgNPQePRe63Jm0cglwk4/s400/2nd-Maine-Infantry-camp-at-Camp-Jameson-smaller-image.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background: white; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small;">Maine’s Second Regiment including officers, soldiers, and military band <br />standing
on a snow-covered field at Camp Jameson on the grounds of <br />Mt. Vernon, Virginia.
Above the assembly waves the American flag—<br />very possibly, the same flag made by
the ladies of Bangor and presented to <br />the Regiment prior to their departure
from Bangor. Library of Congress Prints <br />and Photographs Division Washington,
D.C. 20540 USA <br />LCCN 2009632246 LC-DIG-ppmsc-03307</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">From the porch of James Crosby’s home on Broadway, the Mayor introduced
Robina to the men of Maine’s Second Regiment and the crowd. The speech
she authored and spoke, was recorded in the <i>Whig
& Courier</i>:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Soldiers of the Second Regiment—Colonel
Jameson: On behalf of the ladies of Bangor, I present this flag: the pride of
our nation, the guardian of its institutions, the symbol of its liberty. You
are called upon to vindicate its insulted honor and re-establish its supremacy
over the fortunes of a now divided people. From a distant part of our land,
from those who should have been our friends and brothers, the sharp cry of
disunion has risen; but the sole response echoed back by millions in an
undivided and enthusiastic North has been—“Union.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />This flag has been consecrated by
the women’s prayers to the defense of the Union, and to your honor and bravery
it is now entrusted. It were easier to bear it against a foreign foe, alien in
language and ignorant of the blessing of freedom; it were better that its
sacred folds should be stained by a stranger’s than a brother’s blood, but let
not this thought dishearten you.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Remember that you have that which
alone can ennoble war—a noble cause—and go forward to battle for the right,
secure of victory. Our hopes, our prayers are with you in your sacred work</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> “Yes, let all good things away.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Him who cares not to be great<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> But as he saves or serves the
State.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Take then this ensign of the Free!
Under its folds let no coward or traitor to his country lurk! Eager eyes will
watch its progress amid the vicissitudes of war, and joyous hearts will exult
when it leads you to glory and victory. —And when you return to the peace of
your Northern homes, (God grant it may be soon,) bring back this flag and we
will cherish it as a priceless memento of the bravery of the soldiers of Maine.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
On August 1, 1861, following the shock of the Union’s loss
at the First Battle of Bull Run and reports about the catastrophic number of
casualties occurring on both sides, Robina penned the abolitionist poem, “Let
Us Hear No More of Sending Back the Slave” published in both the <i>New York Independent</i> and <i>The Liberator </i>out of Boston. Though
published anonymously, John Godfrey, with a father’s pride, attributes the work
to Robina, transcribing the poem in his journal along with the comment that she
was “too modest” to allow the work to be published locally. The poem, both
eloquent and terse, takes politicians to task for the cretinously continued
enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act as Northern volunteers died in a war to
preserve the Union. Even as she penned these words, Robina could not predict
that little more than a week later, her own father would be called to serve as
surgeon to Maine’s Second.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in;">
<i>Let Us Hear No More of Sending Back the Slave<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">Stand
up in the Capitol and proclaim<br />
To wondering nations the fearful game<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">Which
the soldiers play for us, North and South, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">At
the bayonet’s point and the cannon’s mouth—<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">Count
up the stakes and reckon the chances;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">Say,
as each bristling column advances, —<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;"> “So we contend against slavery,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;"> Lying and cheating and knavery”
—<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;"> And then send
back the slave.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">North,
East and West have poured out their treasures,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">Doubled
their tithes, and heaped up their measures—<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">Called
to strong men, “Now arm for the fight,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">Crush
the proud traitor, and strike for the Right!”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">Into
the ranks slip young men and bold men—<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">Into
the ranks step wise men and old men—<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">And the mothers kiss and caress them,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">And the maidens cheer them and bless them, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;"> And
you send back the slave.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;"> “Forward!” they march at the President’s call<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">Through
Baltimore’s streets to the Capital.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">“Forward!”
where foes are entrenched in their might,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">(Now
God be with them, and favor the Right!)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">And
they see the hard battle before them, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">And
they think of the mothers who bore them,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;"> And the maidens’ cheers and
flatteries—<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;"> March up to the murderous
batteries—<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;"> While you send
back the slave.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">Weary
and thirsty, they strike for the Right—<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">New
men, but true men, they gallantly fight;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">Bravely
resisting, they stand by their flags<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">Till
their gay colors are torn into rags.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">They
are falling, the young men and bold men,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">They
are falling, the wise men and old men—<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;"> And the cannon-ball leaps and
whistles,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;"> And cuts down the shamrocks and
thistles—<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;"> And you send
back the slave.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">Ay,
weep for the soldiers who lie there dead,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">And
weep for the soldiers who turned and fled!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">Send
to the Northland, and gather a host,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">Fill
up the places of those you have lost.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">Cry
to the nations, “Come now and aid us<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">Crush
out the wrong for which you upbraid us.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;"> Then call upon God for assistance,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;"> For strength in your holy
resistance</span>—<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
And
then you send back the slave.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
My countrymen, can you not understand<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
‘Tis a “holy war,” which the Lord hath
planned;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
That Justice and Vengeance shall make
you strong<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
When you throw in the scales the pond’rous
wrong?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
They have hated you, scorned you,
scouted you,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
And now from the field they have
routed you,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
While
you with clinging humility<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
Kiss
their soft hands in servility—<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
And
you send back the slave.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Through reading Robina’s own words, one is able to gain a
better perspective on Godfrey’s ardent pride in Robina as “no ordinary woman.”
A year after her December 1863 marriage to New York merchant Gilbert Howell,
Godfrey compared Robina favorably with his own wife, Angela, stating, “They
both, when young, were of the independent rompish kind, such as most girls are
who amount to anything.” </div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA3nvCGEOF5raA1MFISV41NYrj5foCROFjOTJ4RCHzJLRU7dble_x34HM2iGWEQYkPX1p29m5tthzDf_L6F6DbTrBfmSkn9746Uj5fflSCgLSxe3Qx5GITYmjPpjJXlxVU9__M8o1dKXA/s1600/McRuer-Sisters.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="632" data-original-width="445" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA3nvCGEOF5raA1MFISV41NYrj5foCROFjOTJ4RCHzJLRU7dble_x34HM2iGWEQYkPX1p29m5tthzDf_L6F6DbTrBfmSkn9746Uj5fflSCgLSxe3Qx5GITYmjPpjJXlxVU9__M8o1dKXA/s320/McRuer-Sisters.png" width="225" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Mary
C. (McRuer) Clark (1828-1904), <br />
Sarah “Sally” Russ (McRuer) Field (1824-1900),
and <br />
Rebecca “Robina” Napier (McRuer) Howell (1833-1866). <br />
From the collection of Richard R. Shaw.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Upon learning of Robina's death in July 1866, a clearly
heart-broken Godfrey wrote, “Though of beautiful person, she possessed a
superior mind. She had great versatility of talent, excellent judgement, great wit,
a vast fund of humor, a big heart, a forgiving disposition, and exquisite
taste. Take her all in all, I never saw her superior—in some points never her
equal. She possessed remarkable conversational powers. She was passionately
fond of the fine arts. Kept up her reading and her studies. A year ago, when I
left her house in Brooklyn, she was talking French with a Frenchwoman, and it
seemed to me that she was quite at home...Probably never has there been a
happier wife than she. Her husband is a wealthy merchant, and toward her his
conduct has been that of a lover, during her whole connection with him. No wish
of hers was left ungratified ... Like a devoted wife she did all in her power
to return his kindness.” <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“It is with great grief to us all, her death. [Mrs. Godfrey]
has done nothing but mourn since she heard of it. Dr. McRuer will be
inconsolable. He thought there was no one to compare with her—and her husband
will never get over it,” Godfrey wrote.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg6G13cSFPNWeHHy7g3aYijlVhUavZKL3MMt3amh4gN0NVUzrZd5BJy5TkerJ4CkjDv8Oq0zwU5hekIXDuU81GP0Sun-bFmqXpjIeDNmrSpK-GfItxBGYGIB7StqZrCAENg3fjigEJ-vk/s1600/RobinaHowell.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="691" data-original-width="493" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg6G13cSFPNWeHHy7g3aYijlVhUavZKL3MMt3amh4gN0NVUzrZd5BJy5TkerJ4CkjDv8Oq0zwU5hekIXDuU81GP0Sun-bFmqXpjIeDNmrSpK-GfItxBGYGIB7StqZrCAENg3fjigEJ-vk/s320/RobinaHowell.PNG" width="228" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Grave marker of
Robina McRuer Howell, Mount <br />Hope Cemetery, Bangor, Maine. <br />Author photo, 2016.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
While Godfrey noted multiple local deaths in the first
volume of his published journals, it is his report of Robina’s funeral, as well
as that of his wife, Angela in May 1868 that gives a glimpse into the community’s
mid-19th Century funerary practices. Robina’s body was returned to Maine from
New York and laid out for the viewing at her father’s home on State Street on
August 5, sixteen days following her death. Godfrey stated he would “not have
known the person, had I seen the body elsewhere. It looked 10 years older than
Robina,” though his wife assessed the face as natural in appearance.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As was fashionable during the Victorian-age, and likely due
to Robina’s involvement in the Bangor Horticultural Society, the McRuer house “was
filled with flowers,” Godfrey reported. “The attendance at the funeral was very
large. Mr. [Rev. George W.] Field’s prayer at the house was eloquent.” As with Angela
Godfrey two years later, Robina was likely dressed in a white silk or satin
burial robe. Her hair would have been fashionably styled and her cheeks lightly
rouged to relieve the pallor of death. Those assembled would have said prayers
and heard the Reverend read from the scriptures.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Noting that Robina, “had a great many friends among the
lowly,” Godfrey reported that a large number of people he believed to be the
city’s poor Irish immigrants assembled along the perimeter of Dr. McRuer’s
property. This group followed the funeral procession to Mount Hope Cemetery,
where they continued to pay their respects while keeping at a distance from the
Protestant funeral party. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Once the procession reached the cemetery, a second lengthier
service was held graveside with an assembled choir. The casket would have been
opened to accept offerings of flowers—both wreathes and bouquets—and religious
items, such as Christian crosses—from friends and family. “At the grave the services were very
interesting,” Godfrey wrote. “The grave was lined with evergreens, as is the
custom here, and all through these evergreens, the friends had woven white
flowers and her last resting place was literally a bed of roses, and death in
one sense had lost its victory.”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“The choir sang, “Unveil thy bosom faithful tomb,” and Rev.
George W. Field made one of the most eloquent affecting and still consoling
prayers I ever heard. People were standing and sitting about in all directions
and many were the mourners for Mrs. Gilbert Howell.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“<i>Sic transit</i>, the
beauty, the glory, the excellence of the world. With good reason may her
husband be inconsolable.”</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZNhpJbyJybsspLoTya2v214UH1Z-t8IgCoOlyq2c7QbxxCPsrxsxkrC86EC9EJrjnEzwy2x31EhYGLNPLkZyx7JIBL0EGjT_UjU93hVO8JQpkU0UnEa-U3qNY5KX4mhXCtO7-GgbVAWc/s1600/childrenMemorial.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="680" data-original-width="507" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZNhpJbyJybsspLoTya2v214UH1Z-t8IgCoOlyq2c7QbxxCPsrxsxkrC86EC9EJrjnEzwy2x31EhYGLNPLkZyx7JIBL0EGjT_UjU93hVO8JQpkU0UnEa-U3qNY5KX4mhXCtO7-GgbVAWc/s320/childrenMemorial.PNG" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Monument
memorializing five of the nine children <br />born to Dr. Daniel McRuer and Mary Ann
<br />Wright McRuer. Author photo, 2016.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Following her burial, Gilbert Howell employed the company of
S. P. Bradbury to mark Robina’s grave with a white marble Victorian-pedestal
monument topped with an urn and shroud and draped with carved garlands of ribbons
and cabbage roses. The pedestal is edged with acanthus leaves. The stone is
simply inscribed: “My dear wife. Robina N. McR. Howell.” <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Nearby, in the center of the double-lot, stands a large
white marble monument featuring a fluted column that was erected by Dr. and
Mrs. McRuer to memorialize five of their nine children: infants Walter and
James and six-year-old Ellen as well as Robina and her sister Lucretia, who
experienced brain damage in adulthood as the result of epileptic seizures. Godfrey
described her as “a beautiful child, but her mind at the age of 26 was almost
gone by reason of fits.”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Unlike so many of Bangor’s fashionable young women, Robina
McRuer Howell’s public identity has been preserved in the published journals of
John Edward Godfrey. Godfrey’s insight, supplemented by two examples of
Robina’s own writing, gives the modern researcher a view to the person whose
identity and relationships are also represented in the marble monument that
marks her grave. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The urn and shroud topping the monument are traditional
symbols of death. These are accompanied by the high-relief carving of cabbage
rose garlands, representing Robina’s own love of flowers as well as her
husband’s deep, passionate love for his youthful wife. Acanthus leaves
surrounding the pedestal base represent the heavenly garden and eternal
Christian afterlife. Knowing the woman’s life, reputation, and own words,
provides the viewer a deeper understanding of the monument’s meaning to the
survivors who accompanied her memory to her grave over 150 years ago.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Resources<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
Departure of
the Second Regiment. (15 May 1861)<i> Bangor
Daily Whig & Courier</i>, p. 3.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
Died. (28 July
1866). <i>Bangor Daily Whig & Courier</i>,
p. 3.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
Died. (31 July
1866). <i>Bangor Daily Whig & Courier</i>,
p. 3.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
Godfrey, John
Edwards. (1979). <i>The Journals of John
Edwards Godfrey: Bangor, Maine 1863-1869</i>, Vol. 1. James B. Vickery, ed.
Courier-Gazette, Inc.: Rockland, ME.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
Kelly, Howard
Atwood, & Walter Lincoln Burrage. (1920). <i>American Medical Biographies</i>. The Norman, Remington Company:
Baltimore, MD.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
McRuer, Robina.
(13 September 1861). Let Us Hear No More of Sending Back the Slave. <i>The Liberator</i>, p. 148.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
Peters, Hayden.
(12 May 2010). “Symbolism Sunday: The Acanthus,” from <i>Art of </i>Mourning. Retrieved from https://artofmourning.com/2010/12/05/symbolism-sunday-the-acanthus/<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
Pierce,
Frederick Clifton (1901). <i>Field Genealogy:
Being the Record of All the Field Family in America, Whose Ancestors Were in
this Country Prior to 1700. Emigrant Ancestors Located in Massachusetts, Rhode
Island, New York, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Virginia. All Descendants of the
Fields of England, Whose Ancestor, Hurbutus de la Field, was from
Alsace-Lorraine</i>, Vol. 2. Hammond Press: Chicago, IL.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
Porter, Joseph
W., ed. (1888). <i>Bangor Historical
Magazine Jul, 1887-June 1888</i>, Vol. III. Benjamin A. Burr: Bangor, ME.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
Shaw, Richard
R. (1994). <i>Images of America: Bangor</i>.
Arcadia Publishing: Charleston, S.C.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
Kimberly J. Sawtellehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14205580201786739150noreply@blogger.com0Bangor, ME 04401, USA44.801182100000013 -68.7778137999999944.621002100000013 -69.100537299999985 44.981362100000013 -68.4550903tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2946431107826506110.post-62215296740225270062018-01-22T18:51:00.001-08:002018-06-07T10:53:43.213-07:00Killed by the Hand of an Assassin <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO_R1NZUoTrAc5oLr7UcRTdfxZkC2sMgX6vQBO0IsaZvPhd0n2bOUeNwyVtjNGOUyoopyznw-Pe1J6htXDUKUhul3iLXhPffSyImclyt6PYr1k59ltGcJXELNTxIcLxLueX-tCtaUXFNk/s1600/WmElliotGravestone--forBlogPost.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Gravestone of William Elliot" border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO_R1NZUoTrAc5oLr7UcRTdfxZkC2sMgX6vQBO0IsaZvPhd0n2bOUeNwyVtjNGOUyoopyznw-Pe1J6htXDUKUhul3iLXhPffSyImclyt6PYr1k59ltGcJXELNTxIcLxLueX-tCtaUXFNk/s320/WmElliotGravestone--forBlogPost.JPG" title="" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gravestone of William B. Elliot located in South Branch <br />
Cemetery, Levant, Maine. The misspelling of Elliot’s last <br />
name, capital L's, and backward “b” in the abbreviation for <br />
February, suggests the carver possessed a limited level of <br />
literacy and was copying the letter shapes. The epitaph reads: <br />
A Member of Co. C. 11 Me. Regiment. Was Killed by the <br />
hand of an assassin, Fed. [sic] 5, 1879. AE 36 yrs. 11 mos.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A couple years ago, I heard a story telling of a murderer who’d been hung and buried in a swamp behind South Branch Cemetery in Levant, Maine. The legend of the swamp-mired murder’s grave originated in connection to the gravestone of William B. Elliot, a member of Company C of the 11th Maine (Civil War) Regiment who—as is inscribed on his gravestone— “was killed by the hand of an assassin, Feb. 5, 1879” at age 36 years, 11 months. The chilling epitaph commemorates what may well be the state of Maine’s second oldest murder cold case.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The following account includes a summary of information about the murder published in the <i>Bangor Daily Whig & Courier </i>in the year following the murder.</span><br />
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Bangor, Maine — February 5, 1879.</b></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Night watchman, Amos Colson, walked along the Washington Street side of the Maine Central Railroad station between 7:30 and 7:40 p.m. the evening of Wednesday, February 5, 1879 when a stranger—a man about 5 feet 5 inches in height with dark whiskers and complexion—drove a sled drawn by a two-horse hitch, rapidly west down Washington Street from Exchange in Bangor, Maine. The swarthy man, wearing a long dark coat and cloth cap, stopped the sled just short of the station. Jumping down, the stranger ran past Colson, telling him to watch the horses, “saying something about getting over before the train left,” Colson reported.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Unimpressed but sympathetic to the horses’ needs, Colson tended the animals that he reported were “wet from fast driving,” stabling them across the street from the station. At 9:45 p.m., the train having rolled out of the station approximately 7:45 p.m. and the man failing to return, Colson went back to the sheds to cover the horses for the night. Colson was pulling a horse blanket from under some bags of meal in the back of the sled when, by the light of his lantern, he discovered the blanket and bags were saturated with fresh blood.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Sensing foul play, Colson mounted the sled and drove toward the police station. <i>En route</i>, he crossed paths with Bangor Police Officers Thomas F. Allen and Patrick J. Dougherty. After hearing Colson’s story, Officer Allen took the sled to the station where the three men used additional lanterns to more fully examine the vehicle. It was then that the group discovered an axe covered with clotted blood and clumps of human hair. Marshal Alvin Reed was summoned and arrived at the police station at 10 p.m., just as young William Graffam showed up to report the discovery of a murder on Valley Avenue, only a couple miles from where Colson met the stranger at the train station.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A short time earlier, Graffam and a friend were walking on Harlow Street toward Valley Avenue, near the establishment of Merrill & Stiles, and found a man lying on the side of the road. Thinking the man was passed out drunk, they stopped to roust him rather than leave him to freeze in the snow. That’s when they discovered the man’s head was “horribly mangled.” </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Arriving at the scene, police found the man—later identified as William B. Elliot of Glenburn—lying just off the road, his feet toward the road. He was partially rolled in a horse blanket and tracks in the drifted snow showed where he’d first fallen, staggered, and fallen again at the point where he was discovered. As police examined the body, William issued a small moan.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Shocked that, as badly injured as he was, William clung to life, the men loaded him into a pung and delivered him to the police station. The rescuers sent for doctors but the medical evaluation was that the man was “beyond aid” and at 11:40 p.m., “the last spark of vitality left” his body.</span><br />
<br />
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>The Victim</b></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje6HGh4hWfTgWcOy2BxcyxkOq7yA3ZBTq_qxNN7Y3jc0w2CUJw8zeEzV6qSE88HR9TsMYgJAUnZxIisaj1lnQ1srVmc5tp0PY8rEx_spC42qkmx7cZY-4Ie4rRHKZKzIZJ9nNb75pjlMw/s1600/WilliamBElliot.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Portrait of William Elliot in a Union Army uniform" border="0" data-original-height="596" data-original-width="401" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje6HGh4hWfTgWcOy2BxcyxkOq7yA3ZBTq_qxNN7Y3jc0w2CUJw8zeEzV6qSE88HR9TsMYgJAUnZxIisaj1lnQ1srVmc5tp0PY8rEx_spC42qkmx7cZY-4Ie4rRHKZKzIZJ9nNb75pjlMw/s320/WilliamBElliot.jpg" title="" width="215" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Portrait of William B. Elliot, ca. 1863, <br />
Company C, 11th Maine Regiment. <br />
<i>Photo courtesy of Wayne Hoar.</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The son of Calvin Elliot and Susannah E. Barrett Elliot, William was the oldest of eight children. Blonde and blue-eyed with a strong chin but boyish good looks, William Elliot served in the Union Army between August 1863 and February 1866, surviving the Civil War. In 1868, he married his brother-in-law’s sister, Joanna B. Lake.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">William was well-known and respected in Bangor having lived in town for a period of time, working in the office of Provost Marshal Low before taking a job driving a milk cart for S. F. Fuller. By 1870, the U. S. Federal Census, noted that William was a farmer living in Glenburn, with a value of $1,530 including 98 acres of land, 78 of which were wooded, and various livestock. Seven years later, William served a single year as Constable and Tax Collector for the town of Glenburn.</span><br />
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>The Investigation</b></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The doctors’ examination after his death revealed that William Elliot suffered four, massive head wounds. He received two blows to the back of his head with the butt of the axe, crushing his skull; a gaping wound caused by the axe bit on the right forehead that cut through the skull; and a final blow with the flat side of the axe to the right temple that did additional crushing damage.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">William was dressed for outdoor labor, wearing two coats, denim overalls, white, wool mittens, a wool scarf, and moccasins. Though he was carrying a pocket book containing various paperwork and 16 3-cent stamps, the only money found was 12 cents on the body and 42 cents in change found in the sled. Aside from the two sacks of meal, police found two pounds of coffee, a box of savory, two lemons, and some peanuts in the bed of the sled.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">When interviewed, William Elliot’s wife, Joanna, indicated that her husband and their hired hand, Tozier Sproul, a 19-year-old orphan from Montville, left the Glenburn home about 8 o’clock that morning. Elliot told Joanna that he and Sproul would be working at a woodlot in the morning and that, later in the day, he planned to go to Bangor to look for work hauling ice for a day or two. This being the case, she did not expect him home. Neither did she know how much money William carried with him.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Sometime after the men departed, Randall Goodwin pulled up to the house in a sled saying he wanted to buy a load of seasoned firewood. Joanna Elliot explained where her husband could be found and Goodwin followed the sled tracks to the wood lot.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">At about noon, Sproul returned to the Elliot house on foot, explaining that Goodwin found them and purchased a load of firewood for his neighbor, the widow Jameson, paying William $1.50 in cash. Sproul remained at the home, tending to chores the rest of the day and evening. According to Sproul, William headed to Bangor alone to look for work hauling ice.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">At Merrill & Stiles Provisions, Groceries and Ice House, located in the former Stetson Mill on Harlow Street, a short distance from the murder scene, investigators learned from Joseph R. Merrill that William Elliot and a young man—about 18 years old, dressed in dark clothes—stopped at the store around 7 p.m., purchasing the two bags of meal that were found in the sled, and some other small items. William counted out $2.81 to pay for the purchases but Merrill didn’t see any other money. William and his companion loaded the purchases into the sled and drove away together around 7:15 p.m.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">During the Coroner’s inquest, witness reports varied. One witness living in the neighborhood reported seeing William stopped on Valley Avenue standing by the sled talking to one man while another man sat in the sled. A married couple also reported seeing William driving the sled as a man dressed in dark clothing was standing in the back of the box.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Newspaper accounts of the time did not indicate whether police interviewed anyone associated with ice merchants: Penobscot River Ice, Co. or J. H. Robinson & Co. both located on Harlow Street or John L. Triggs, on Valley Avenue. The <i>Whig & Courier</i> did, however, publish a second description of the suspect given by James Fickett, as being “about 25-years of age” with red chin whiskers, seeking to leave the team in the shelter of a shed.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Not mentioned during the Coroner’s inquest was the newspaper’s account of two children who allegedly attempted to jump aboard the Elliot sled being driven by a solitary man shortly after the murder was thought to occur. While it was common for children in the city to hop on and off sleds to catch ride or as part of their play, in this instance the driver reportedly swung a whip at the children, yelling that they could not ride with him.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">One of the children was alleged to react by grabbing the fall of the whip as it swung toward him, and he yanked the whip handle from the man’s hand. The children, cited in one report to be two boys and cited in a second report to be girls, returned the whip to the police during the investigation, recounting the incident.</span><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp4lY0cgyoWRgeUmOWp2UgeVEGynBrP38l_ppxHR-aAaLMBDAD-GUw3rJe9sZEeAD5Jo-bEY9HP922Y2tP5Bz295DZPdd0xOffW7jRD5zghypCw-aK7asoN7muvwThP_oDWQ9pzyrkIB0/s1600/map.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="1875 Map of Bangor, Maine" border="0" data-original-height="797" data-original-width="1141" height="278" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp4lY0cgyoWRgeUmOWp2UgeVEGynBrP38l_ppxHR-aAaLMBDAD-GUw3rJe9sZEeAD5Jo-bEY9HP922Y2tP5Bz295DZPdd0xOffW7jRD5zghypCw-aK7asoN7muvwThP_oDWQ9pzyrkIB0/s400/map.PNG" title="" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span>
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<div style="font-size: 12.8px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 12.8px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 12.8px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Although of dubious scale, this 1875 map illustrates the level of development along </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Valley Avenue and Harlow Street around the time of William Elliot’s murder </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">and </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">shows the likely route of the perpetrator’s escape (marked by the author with red arrows), </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">along Harlow Street through East Market Square and down Exchange Street where </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">he turned onto Washington Street en route to the railroad depot. By modern measurement, </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">this distance is approximately two miles. Unimpeded by traffic, a two-horse team, </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">driven fast, </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">could cover this distance in five to seven minutes. </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;"><i>Bird’s Eye View of the City of Bangor, </i></span><i style="font-size: 12.8px;">Penobscot County, Maine.</i><span style="font-size: 12.8px;"> </span></div>
<b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></b>
<b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></b>
<b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Speculation about the Murder</b><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">While physical descriptions vary from witness to witness, William Elliot apparently picked up a stranger somewhere along his drive from Glenburn to Bangor. William stopped at Merrill & Stiles store and ice house to pick up provisions, leaving the establishment at approximately 7:15 p.m. Around that same time, a witness reported seeing William stopped on Valley Avenue, speaking with another man. The final reported sighting on the Avenue—of a man standing in the back of the sled behind William as he drove—may have been only seconds before the murderer took his first swing with the axe.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The <i>Whig & Courier</i> reported that Officers Allen and Dougherty speculated the attack took place shortly after the pair left Merrill’s store. Due to the amount of blood in the back of the sled, police speculated the perpetrator stowed William in the back of the sled, covered with a horse blanket, to drive to a spot where he could dispose of the body. It is presumed this is why the driver “was so particular to prevent” the children from boarding the sled. Investigators surmised that after discarding of the body, the perpetrator turned the sled and headed toward town and his get-away.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">One wonders at this theory, however. How would the perpetrator know of the axe in the bed of the sled? If his intention was robbery and murder, why would the perpetrator wait until after William Elliot made a purchase that reduced the value of his purse by nearly three dollars? Why would the murderer leave the body where it was so easily found, as well as take time to wrap it with a horse blanket? </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Being a snowy February night is it possible instead that, after leaving the store, William suggested his young passenger retrieve the horse blankets for the men to wrap themselves in, to help ward off the cold? Handing the first blanket to William, the stranger may have uncovered the axe and thinking to knock his driver out and stage a robbery, used the butt of the axe to club William twice on the back of the head, cracking open his skull and causing blood from a heavily bleeding wound to saturate the sacks of meal and the second horse blanket.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Injured, William fell from the sled into a snow drift but, at age 36 and in his prime, the former soldier was strong and determined to stand his ground. He managed to stand again. Still in the sled, the murderer swung the axe again, striking William in the forehead with the blade. Panicking, the stranger swung the axe a final time, hitting his victim in the right temple causing the fractured skull to crush inward as William finally collapsed, still wrapped in the horse blanket.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The murderer then secured Williams coin purse or wallet, spilling loose change as he stole the sled. Intent on his get-away, the stranger allegedly lashed out at the children who attempted to jump aboard the sled. Driving the horses hard for the less than two miles to the train station allowed the bewhiskered stranger only moments to abandon the sled and catch the last train out of Bangor for Boston, scheduled to depart at 7:40 p.m.</span><br />
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>The Case Goes Cold</b></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Police in Portland, Maine searched the night train when it arrived in that city at approximately 1:10 a.m. but no one matching Colson’s description of the suspect was found. Two days later, Fickett’s description of a red-whiskered suspect began to circulate.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">On February 21, the <i>Whig & Courier</i> reported that a traveling agent stopping at the Smith Hotel in Oxford, New Hampshire recounted seeing a thin, 25-year-old man with a light, blotchy complexion and no whiskers who</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">, according to the </span><i style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Whig & Courier</i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">, “answered the description” of the murder suspect. The description, however, </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">constitutes the third version of the suspect’s appearance. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Nonetheless, the young man who went by the name “Reed” was deemed suspicious for arriving at the Smith Hotel with no baggage and spending the following day attempting to beg a ride to Vershire, Vermont. He was reported to have secured a ride as far as Orford, New Hampshire and upon arriving there, promptly set off on foot toward Vermont. Aside from the witness description, there is zero evidence the man called Reed had anything to do with William Elliot’s murder. Ultimately, the case went cold and remains unsolved to this day.</span><br />
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<b><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Resources<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Bird’s Eye View of the City of Bangor, Penobscot
County, Maine. Madison, Wisconsin: J. J. Stoner, 1875.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Bugbee, David, & Co. <i>Greenough’s
Directory of the Inhabitants, Institutions, Manufacturing Establishments,
Societies, Business Firms, Etc., Etc. in the City of Bangor for 1879-1880</i>.
Boston: Greenough & Co., 1879. Retrieved 21, January 2017 from <span style="background: white; color: #36322d;">Ancestry.com. <em>U.S. City
Directories, 1822-1995</em>. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com
Operations, Inc., 2011.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> “A Case for Sympathy.” <i>Bangor Daily Whig & Courier</i>,
Friday, February 14, 1879; Issue 39, 3.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="background: white; color: #36322d;">Historical Data Systems, comp. <em>U.S., Civil War
Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865</em> [database
on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2009.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">“A Horrible Murder.” <i>Bangor
Daily Whig & Courier</i><i>,</i>
Thursday, February 06, 1879, Issue 32, 3.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">“It seems to us.” <i>Bangor
Daily Whig & Courier</i>, Thursday, February 07, 1879, Issue 33, 3.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">“Local Matters: The Elliot Murder.” <i>Bangor Daily Whig & Courier</i>, Friday, February 21, 1879;
Issue 45, 3.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">“One Year
Ago Tonight.” <i>Bangor Daily Whig
& Courier</i>, Thursday, February 5, 1880; Issue 32, 3.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">“The Recent Murder.” <i>Bangor Daily Whig & Courier</i>, Saturday, February 08, 1879;
Issue 34, 3.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">“The Recent Murder: Coroner’s Inquest—Several Witnesses Examined.”
<i>Bangor Daily Whig & Courier</i>,
Tuesday, February 11, 1879; Issue 36, 3.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> “The Recent Murder. Great
Excitement in the City.” <i>Bangor
Daily Whig & Courier</i>, Thursday, February 07, 1879, Issue 33, 3.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> “The Recent Murder: Still a Mystery.” <i>Bangor Daily Whig & Courier</i>,
Saturday, February 10, 1879; Issue 35, 3.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> “The Valley Avenue Murder.” <i>Bangor Daily Whig & Courier</i>,
Wednesday, February 12, 1879; Issue 37, 3.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">U.S.
Census Bureau. <i>1860 United States Federal
Census. Levant, Penobscot, Maine</i>; <span style="background: white; color: #36322d;">Roll: <em>M653_446</em><i>; </i>Page:<i> <em>994</em>;</i>
Family History Library Film: <em>803446.</em><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">U.S.
Census Bureau. <i>1870 United States Federal
Census. Glenburn, Penobscot, Maine</i>; <span style="background: white; color: #36322d;">Roll: <em>M593_554</em>; Page:<i> <em>21A</em>;</i> Family History Library Film:<i> <em>552053.</em></i><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">”Valley
Avenue Tragedy.” <i>Bangor Daily Whig
& Courier</i>, Monday, February 17, 1879; Issue 41, 3.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> “The Valley Avenue Tragedy.” <i>Bangor Daily Whig & Courier</i>,
Tuesday, March 4, 1879; Issue 54, 3.</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />Kimberly J. Sawtellehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14205580201786739150noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2946431107826506110.post-9777112795491166882014-11-09T08:16:00.002-08:002014-11-11T06:05:42.809-08:00Role of Identity in Gravestones and Grave Goods<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs asserts that once a human’s
basic, physiological needs–water, food, sleep—are met, attention shifts to
higher needs pertaining to shelter, belonging, esteem and, at the very top of
the pyramid, self-actualization. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Once basic physical needs are rendered moot by death, the living default to imposing the upper levels of the hierarchy on the deceased.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzE7GLXUQY6L-erjfXR5ZhBUKuICHcSUzPtFJQ8NRlHHMq3k8xsVMQYg44mHWsfwEM1stKEtVaNkSv3dYTlJLHMXtf1RyYr_Z76CBxI8Ekum0qDAzzVlaNheGIblGNjbfVkimB50PrKiw/s1600/Maslow's_hierarchy_of_needs.svg%2B(1).png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzE7GLXUQY6L-erjfXR5ZhBUKuICHcSUzPtFJQ8NRlHHMq3k8xsVMQYg44mHWsfwEM1stKEtVaNkSv3dYTlJLHMXtf1RyYr_Z76CBxI8Ekum0qDAzzVlaNheGIblGNjbfVkimB50PrKiw/s1600/Maslow's_hierarchy_of_needs.svg%2B(1).png" height="209" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 15.6933336257935px; text-align: left;">Graphic by J. Finkelstein (I created this work using Inkscape.) <br />[</span><a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15.6933336257935px; text-align: left;">GFDL</a><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 15.6933336257935px; text-align: left;"> or </span><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15.6933336257935px; text-align: left;">CC-BY-SA-3.0</a><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 15.6933336257935px; text-align: left;">], </span><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AMaslow's_hierarchy_of_needs.svg" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15.6933336257935px; text-align: left;">via Wikimedia Commons</a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The funerary process communicates love and belonging through
the expression of grief for lost friendship and family connection. It allows the community to
express the deceased’s individuality, esteem, and self-actualization by
memorializing a lifetime of accomplishments through the process of obituary, eulogy, and funeral offerings such as photographs, models, and mementos that serve as
representations of the deceased’s accomplishments, creativity, and morality. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">These acts carry through to the gravesite
with the choice of gravestone design, use of epitaph, and the choice of goods left at
the gravesite by family and friends. Through this material depiction of identity in the public forum
of a cemetery, the living engage the memory of the deceased at the highest
levels of Maslow’s hierarchy, communicating to the community at-large proof of
social success and achievement beyond the most basic needs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid1Z9_go8UpVWkIGW_jQRIt0qmpqeHfzce-E7-mdegCXe7vQIMRzatFb4WWUL-y6UkHe0jgwabYuMgi1TSYqemZ7dqjptLeieu1osWrGmc-N23mxixdpmwoVAh50OKJIv00vuP3MeTnKk/s1600/Brusher_Mills'_gravestone_-_geograph.org.uk_-_170411.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid1Z9_go8UpVWkIGW_jQRIt0qmpqeHfzce-E7-mdegCXe7vQIMRzatFb4WWUL-y6UkHe0jgwabYuMgi1TSYqemZ7dqjptLeieu1osWrGmc-N23mxixdpmwoVAh50OKJIv00vuP3MeTnKk/s1600/Brusher_Mills'_gravestone_-_geograph.org.uk_-_170411.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; text-align: start;">The grave of Harry "Brusher" Mills. St. Nicholas Cemetery, Lyndhurst, England. <br />Photograph by Jim Champion [</span><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; text-align: start;">CC-BY-SA-2.0</a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; text-align: start;">], </span><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ABrusher_Mills'_gravestone_-_geograph.org.uk_-_170411.jpg" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; text-align: start;">via Wikimedia Commons</a></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the case of Harry Mills, of Lyndhurst, England, “better
known as Brusher Mills,” according to his gravestone, epitaph in addition to a
relief carving depicting Mill’s in action as a snake catcher, serves the ever-vigilant
role of communicating the man’s community status to passers-by. The epitaph symbolizes the esteem—the respect
paid to him by others—that Mills garnered during a life spent in the pursuit of
living in “the primitive way...[that]…caused him to be an object of interest
to many.”</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidlPhHAcWC2PdvhT5nq70JbSc-9HXZRIhhpvsmMvGz_tWR_F1RzRxJadBYHQNfies9U0xnqooPFs73yjj3jo55mBCEflz53LnrSEEy0m_m3b4voG4LT77OzEsliqYeXJ7AcbO-LkgjF9w/s1600/mills_closeup.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidlPhHAcWC2PdvhT5nq70JbSc-9HXZRIhhpvsmMvGz_tWR_F1RzRxJadBYHQNfies9U0xnqooPFs73yjj3jo55mBCEflz53LnrSEEy0m_m3b4voG4LT77OzEsliqYeXJ7AcbO-LkgjF9w/s1600/mills_closeup.JPG" height="229" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; text-align: start;">Close up of relief carving on the grave of Harry "Brusher" Mills. <br />St. Nicholas Cemetery, Lyndhurst, England. <br />Photograph by Jim Champion [</span><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; text-align: start;">CC-BY-SA-2.0</a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; text-align: start;">], </span><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ABrusher_Mills'_gravestone_-_geograph.org.uk_-_170411.jpg" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; text-align: start;">via Wikimedia Commons</a></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mills' epitaph reads as follows: “This stone marks the grave of
Harry Mills, (better known as “Brusher Mills,”) who for a long number of years
followed the occupation of snake catcher, in the New Forest. His pursuit and
the primitive way in which he lived, caused him to be an object of interest to
many. He died suddenly July 1<sup>st</sup> 1905, aged 65 years. D. Banks. Lymington.” </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 107%;">Because of the detailed memorial erected at
Mills’ grave by his home community, the snake catcher is now <a href="http://guides.wikinut.com/Harry-Brusher-Mills%2C-Hermit-Snake-Catcher/2po3ux5o/" target="_blank">recognized worldwide</a> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">and today inhabits the highest pinnacle of Maslow’s hierarchy
as a folk character whose life and contribution to society continues to be recognized to a degree never imagined during his own lifetime.</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidIp1klEu-I4rzN9ZPUHP1a0tfRsHq8S9k2HIWU7IxewIiRdGVvveHyBgapReKimIuH69tdHgktypv83nnsTKCG4Eg_pMXQl2VOzAVcaxGJuC9xDX-Zoql5zfSSlAmlBiRUIs25mOAyIo/s1600/sargent2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidIp1klEu-I4rzN9ZPUHP1a0tfRsHq8S9k2HIWU7IxewIiRdGVvveHyBgapReKimIuH69tdHgktypv83nnsTKCG4Eg_pMXQl2VOzAVcaxGJuC9xDX-Zoql5zfSSlAmlBiRUIs25mOAyIo/s1600/sargent2.JPG" height="220" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Grave of Everett N. Sargent, Corinthian Cemetery, East Corinth, Maine.<br />Photograph by Kimberly Sawtelle, Oct. 2014</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The American practice of memorialization through the public
placement of grave goods, still allowed in many rural cemeteries but increasingly prohibited in urban settings, provides an opportunity for individuals to express familial ties, love,
and belonging in an ongoing, ritual process typically staged on holidays and birthdays,
as well as at times of seasonal transition. One such example is the grave site of Everett N. Sargent of East
Corinth, Maine, who passed at age 71 after a long illness, according to </span><a href="http://bangordailynews.com/2008/09/25/obituaries/everett-n-sargent-9/" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" target="_blank">his obituary</a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> published in the <i>Bangor Daily News</i>.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRIqV-s_CE6CqBgKuDOyxo5z1cphYaBDWzu5QSAA8obs2ALKEee1-U-8f_Ukio0mHlF9Je7uGSDQZbugM0zR62JvZ2MK3EieNEvcMsaP0QZNdTxx3GcaZbA8s_V4fFF1uzKghmoHTVJWI/s1600/plowhorses.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRIqV-s_CE6CqBgKuDOyxo5z1cphYaBDWzu5QSAA8obs2ALKEee1-U-8f_Ukio0mHlF9Je7uGSDQZbugM0zR62JvZ2MK3EieNEvcMsaP0QZNdTxx3GcaZbA8s_V4fFF1uzKghmoHTVJWI/s1600/plowhorses.JPG" height="181" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Detail of Everett Sargent gravestone. <br />Photograph by Kimberly Sawtelle, Oct. 2014</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sargent’s gravestone, though lacking in an expansive
epitaph, like that of Mills, depicts an engraved image of a man walking behind
a plow drawn by a hitch of draft horses. To one side of the stone stands a cast concrete colt outfitted with a
leather halter that may have been hand-stitched. Grave goods placed around the marker include
a number of toy tractors, angel figures, a small pumpkin (the month of
examination being October 2014), and a variety of faded photographs of draft
horses in action.</span></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHykjIS0nMeX_-vAIZwyf_7q5DEFvfn08T75mox7v5IxB-FU5qOpAigS8LZC1KF_1ad9Lr6YqRHTSSTu-TRebmZw-PKUTdP7LBeTkxOnnxdkwopxy0e9oRtTf2K0_aFFNR1LA_GE5piEk/s1600/halter.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHykjIS0nMeX_-vAIZwyf_7q5DEFvfn08T75mox7v5IxB-FU5qOpAigS8LZC1KF_1ad9Lr6YqRHTSSTu-TRebmZw-PKUTdP7LBeTkxOnnxdkwopxy0e9oRtTf2K0_aFFNR1LA_GE5piEk/s1600/halter.JPG" height="266" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cast concrete colt wearing a stitched leather harness.<br />Photograph by Kimberly Sawtelle, Oct. 2014</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Given the assortment of offerings alone, it becomes obvious
that the deceased was likely active in farming, if not with the raising of
horses and it is within this identity and level of esteem that the family
members choose to communicate with and commemorate Sargent in death. The importance of the gentleman to his family
comes into even sharper focus when knowledge of the gravesite is juxtaposed with his obituary dated September 25, 2008, in which Sargent is noted as having owned
and operated Sargent Riding Stables, specializing in training, working, and
competing with draft horses. The simple
epitaph in his obituary: “He was a wonderful man and will be sadly missed by
his family and friends,” is poignantly reinforced to any observer of his grave.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">While for Mills, image and epitaph combine to communicate
and commemorate the deceased's degree of self-actualization—his respected ability as a
problem-solver in his role as snake catcher—Sargent’s descendants utilize imagery and the offering of grave goods to mark his accomplishments as a horseman and
patriarch. In both examples, concern for the upper levels of Maslow’s social hierarchy become superlative in the
memorial process.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" rel="license"><img alt="Creative Commons License" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/88x31.png" style="border-width: 0;" /></a><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span property="dct:title" xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">Role of Identity in Gravestones and Grave Goods</span> <br />by <a href="http://onagravesubject.blogspot.com/2014/11/role-of-identity-in-gravestones-and.html" property="cc:attributionName" rel="cc:attributionURL" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#">Kimberly J. Sawtelle</a> is licensed under <br />a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.
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Kimberly J. Sawtellehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14205580201786739150noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2946431107826506110.post-91382796003835163682013-05-04T15:40:00.001-07:002013-05-04T15:40:21.320-07:00Maine Old Cemetery Week, 2013<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3fYXAsraczFPCraLb0XeewK74-y95aIkAHLEoksFOQ4bNFk6Sx9b2iEFM_TTjvDPG80MCiDfISLy-6eEbtgeU6wmt6dNNkaFwaTT2Ak0b_jpmr57-SvBj732H9pnaR0y7wt_SUgOYj9A/s1600/stones.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3fYXAsraczFPCraLb0XeewK74-y95aIkAHLEoksFOQ4bNFk6Sx9b2iEFM_TTjvDPG80MCiDfISLy-6eEbtgeU6wmt6dNNkaFwaTT2Ak0b_jpmr57-SvBj732H9pnaR0y7wt_SUgOYj9A/s400/stones.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Maine Old Cemetery Association (MOCA) has announced attempts to re-establish<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 150%;"> <i>Maine Old Cemetery Week</i>,
May 19-25, 2013, as part of its mission to </span><span style="line-height: 150%;">encourage and support
the preservation, maintenance, and study of old cemeteries. </span></span><br />
<span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">It has been noted by some members of the organization that the tradition of Maine families tending burial grounds during the Memorial Day weekend has fallen somewhat by the wayside in recent years. MOCA is encouraging</span><span style="line-height: 150%;"> local historical organizations, civic associations, Boy and Girl
Scouts, Fraternal and Veterans groups to lead community projects to tend local
burial grounds in hopes of reigniting interest in protecting and preserving local burial grounds.</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 150%;">While
MOCA encourages the tidying of burial grounds, members of the public who lack appropriate training are asked to refrain from undertaking the cleaning of gravestones. </span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 150%;">Despite
being made of stone, many grave markers—particularly early stones—are extremely
fragile in nature and once damage is done, it is difficult and expensive to make effective
repairs. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 150%;">While inappropriate cleaning methods, such as power washing or scrubbing stones with bleach and wire brushes may temporarily yield aesthetically-pleasing effects, these approaches result in irreparable damage to stone surfaces that can result in cracking, flaking, scaling, or granularization ("sugaring") of surfaces. Extensive loss of stone surface, of course, results in illegible inscriptions and the loss of historic information.</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 150%;">In
response to a spate of cemetery thefts of tomb doors and metal gravestone
fittings from remote Maine cemeteries in late 2012, MOCA instituted a new, online cemetery vandalism
reporting tool. </span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 150%;">If,
while participating in <i>Maine Old
Cemetery Week</i>, incidents of cemetery vandalism or theft are discovered,
people are encouraged to not only make reports to local authorities but to also
file a report with MOCA by visiting </span><a href="http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~memoca/moca.htm" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~memoca/moca.htm</span></a><span style="line-height: 150%;">
and selecting the link, “Report Cemetery Vandalism.” Among information MOCA is gathering is
locations, descriptions and photos of damage, estimates of damages (if known), and
any planned repairs.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
Kimberly J. Sawtellehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14205580201786739150noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2946431107826506110.post-75698608086384201882012-05-28T09:39:00.000-07:002012-06-07T17:07:50.064-07:00Disrepair of Veterans' Graves in MaineAs Americans celebrate the Memorial Day weekend, 2012, it should be remembered that the grave sites of many fallen soldiers have fallen into disrepair as well as being heavily vandalized by youth who lack the maturity to express anger and frustration in a less destructive manner. Gravestones are smashed or torn out of the ground and stolen or thrown into the bushes in unmaintained areas of remote cemeteries.<br />
<br />
Maine Statute provides for the maintenance and preservation of Veterans' graves but as we all know, funding is scarce in these difficult economic times. The least expensive form of maintenance is prevention of cemetery vandalism.<br />
<br />
<b>§1101. Maintenance and repairs; municipality</b><br />
In any ancient burying ground, as referenced in Title 30-A, section 5723, or public burying ground in which any Revolutionary soldiers or sailors or veterans of the Armed Forces of the United State of America who served in any war are buried, the municipality in which said burying ground is located shall keep in good condition and repair all graves, headstones, monuments or markers designating the burial place of said Revolutionary soldiers or sailors or veterans of the Armed Forces of the United States of America who served in any war and shall keep the grass suitably cut and trimmed on those graves from May 1st to September 30th of each year. [1999, c. 700, §1 (AMD).]<br />
<br />
SECTION HISTORY<br />
1977, c. 255, §1 (AMD). 1999, c. 700, §1 (AMD).<br />
<br />
The following are a small sampling of poorly maintained or vandalized Veteran's gravestones found in the Central Maine region.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOq6Hp6-Iwsd2t2z2FLoMHqI506XpiWESWDvEbR5dcBSyBZe4D-0AbqBKcGKA8WFkJb586y1TK5FI5GhVtmd0tTBtiNBgXMF-bzMz1-OdpROIgD9Y2DPyB-ob5vOKmiVUPpXQnlr-ctjk/s1600/Rice_Henry.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOq6Hp6-Iwsd2t2z2FLoMHqI506XpiWESWDvEbR5dcBSyBZe4D-0AbqBKcGKA8WFkJb586y1TK5FI5GhVtmd0tTBtiNBgXMF-bzMz1-OdpROIgD9Y2DPyB-ob5vOKmiVUPpXQnlr-ctjk/s320/Rice_Henry.jpg" width="183" /></a></td></tr>
<tr align="left"><td class="tr-caption">Mills Cemetery, Bradford, ME. Cast iron marker with zinc plaque. Heavily rust.</td><td class="tr-caption"></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<i>Inscription: </i><br />
Henry H. Rice<br />
died<br />
Feb 21st 1877<br />
Aged<br />
42 years and 4 months<br />
<br />
Henry H. Rice served as a private in Co. B, 5th Maine Infantry<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9ZR7hpHbokmeOgrw4j9bWRuxPmekg31mGXpGte21CY3gxJr6KycvIJ7TiOUYcieozQP3-Eiz22LDHzsR6HaM4mIJfFBDHalB-_FB3L3LiqdNLWJ-bIw7GcIMIq9Phlm__x7FpCTCQe3E/s1600/Lord_Eugene.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9ZR7hpHbokmeOgrw4j9bWRuxPmekg31mGXpGte21CY3gxJr6KycvIJ7TiOUYcieozQP3-Eiz22LDHzsR6HaM4mIJfFBDHalB-_FB3L3LiqdNLWJ-bIw7GcIMIq9Phlm__x7FpCTCQe3E/s320/Lord_Eugene.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo taken 2008</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkpGy3Tr5NP4GRAM9z7WB_s77iKnoi-jnD9wGQtMNAGp9fem_sYygKrvnBdKf_COyxTkmwtjrq1GWigovELjXYri0xgRb7eplW6FjMwkmO2ClqkFCxjsMwOSuwa7srkA8CLjEnpk9O4mw/s1600/Lord_Eugene2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkpGy3Tr5NP4GRAM9z7WB_s77iKnoi-jnD9wGQtMNAGp9fem_sYygKrvnBdKf_COyxTkmwtjrq1GWigovELjXYri0xgRb7eplW6FjMwkmO2ClqkFCxjsMwOSuwa7srkA8CLjEnpk9O4mw/s320/Lord_Eugene2.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo taken 2012</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<i> Inscription: </i><br />
Eugene Lord<br />
wounded in the assault<br />
before Petersburg, VA. June<br />
18. Died at City Point June<br />
25, 1864. AE. 19 years.<br />
2 mos. & 6 days.<br />
<br />
Son of Augustus &<br />
Hannah Lord<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Eugene Lord enlisted Nov 30, 186 as a private in Co. F., Maine 1st Heavy
Artillery Regiment. According to Report of the Adjutant General of the
State of Maine, Lord died June 23, 1864.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4QzZM8DdfbNQC_V2BW6-EtU2i4Zipy8fSAs64Kaz8BM93hcej48zjrcINxruz5W-bCncvGZerdxS9Oiiu-XncNBnIbvyfReIF3HyP5A7p8eSzlYI0acsF-4hFZIVsb_fOW_hjbnqqcr8/s1600/Corson_Levi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4QzZM8DdfbNQC_V2BW6-EtU2i4Zipy8fSAs64Kaz8BM93hcej48zjrcINxruz5W-bCncvGZerdxS9Oiiu-XncNBnIbvyfReIF3HyP5A7p8eSzlYI0acsF-4hFZIVsb_fOW_hjbnqqcr8/s320/Corson_Levi.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">South Branch Cemetery (formerly Fiske Cemetery), Levant, ME</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<i>Inscription:</i><br />
Levi Corson, Jr.<br />
Co. F<br />
1st Me.<br />
Art.<br />
<br />
Neglected graves of Levi Corson, Jr, who served in Co. F., Maine 1st Heavy Artillery Regiment and his son, Charles<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHT08E44CKrfgD1a-3Z5yJsmL8UVYZbzu8buNOw0rJPWQJtgzjFUfgeYgnybeMnVxKv_lnrLnIPZLsflaibLqxdjzcsfxl4X43mdBe9c-hqu7pxmA_H8uURgeotHAlDDKrFBlz882PGS8/s1600/elliot.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHT08E44CKrfgD1a-3Z5yJsmL8UVYZbzu8buNOw0rJPWQJtgzjFUfgeYgnybeMnVxKv_lnrLnIPZLsflaibLqxdjzcsfxl4X43mdBe9c-hqu7pxmA_H8uURgeotHAlDDKrFBlz882PGS8/s320/elliot.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">South Branch Cemetery (formerly Fiske Cemetery), Levant, ME</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<i>Inscription:</i><br />
William B. Elliott<br />
A Member of Co. C.<br />
11 Me. Regiment<br />
Was KiLLed by the<br />
hand of an assassin<br />
Fed. 5, 1879<br />
AE. 36 yrs. 11 mos. <br />
<br />
Poorly cleaned stones in the heavily vandalized South Branch Cemetery, Levant.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTRlx7COqHUar3eQ7-Qmx4yLT3ohxd7FqnfgTVe9NPwm5ElDvaXqrhd92rfmI07E1ntgMqRwKaJQ47RkMaDvZlPk7j1oJB8tnAinlu8t4oX50Ojg5qCu0IuqE-K1Ud5f7_JOEwZfmiW9Q/s1600/Staples_C.H.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTRlx7COqHUar3eQ7-Qmx4yLT3ohxd7FqnfgTVe9NPwm5ElDvaXqrhd92rfmI07E1ntgMqRwKaJQ47RkMaDvZlPk7j1oJB8tnAinlu8t4oX50Ojg5qCu0IuqE-K1Ud5f7_JOEwZfmiW9Q/s320/Staples_C.H.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">South Branch Cemetery (formerly Fiske Cemetery), Levant, ME</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<i>Inscription:</i><br />
C.H. Staples<br />
Co. H.<br />
22d Me.<br />
Inf. <br />
<br />
Charles H. Staples enlisted as a private, Oct. 10, 1862 in Company H, Maine 22nd Maine Regiment. Died May 5, 1863.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG70-WVZgtJwq3gAlup5ISEsHvGRF-qkqUWb-7iEozXejytwuX3f91oB-fzmwPk3cZ50D22WD5JVeisonujoPQYjZx_wqNFLqoVQkOqwij6YYn2HtWCcq3wcdhYMJR48nBpfjun4_aEQA/s1600/smashed-stones.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG70-WVZgtJwq3gAlup5ISEsHvGRF-qkqUWb-7iEozXejytwuX3f91oB-fzmwPk3cZ50D22WD5JVeisonujoPQYjZx_wqNFLqoVQkOqwij6YYn2HtWCcq3wcdhYMJR48nBpfjun4_aEQA/s320/smashed-stones.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">South Branch Cemetery (formerly Fiske Cemetery), Levant, ME</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Gravestones were smashed and tossed into the brush where they have become overgrown.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsm23G0slEK32RqKNZIZ466jVrNmOlwNlYcteWh9DSmocTfyH4ORpWO2z1-r_BYTPruzSy1DyJHI1JoVBkOd-EqbC3UfzIVVmof6Vh0-91gYKHVTeX8bN-9jOxPooYIpesEJCreVD5H3k/s1600/smashed_scattered.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsm23G0slEK32RqKNZIZ466jVrNmOlwNlYcteWh9DSmocTfyH4ORpWO2z1-r_BYTPruzSy1DyJHI1JoVBkOd-EqbC3UfzIVVmof6Vh0-91gYKHVTeX8bN-9jOxPooYIpesEJCreVD5H3k/s320/smashed_scattered.jpg" width="320" /></a>The remote location of South Branch Cemetery makes it a favorite spot for teenage vandals to desecrate graves. This scattering of ruined stones extends for several yards into the brush. A broken United States flag what once marked a Veteran's grave lays discarded in the foreground.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLGArVA7u_g_Xp4C0h-GBUhusFXS3JwP1bI0g6wqopVGymhcm3rDzBZsa-oaTENe2jLWdD1laFtYO9pZRrFkndWwckG87TORoP64LRSxyFAhO78aU0SuTG6YnDhbB7_nozqhvZ4VGbYLc/s1600/unknown.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLGArVA7u_g_Xp4C0h-GBUhusFXS3JwP1bI0g6wqopVGymhcm3rDzBZsa-oaTENe2jLWdD1laFtYO9pZRrFkndWwckG87TORoP64LRSxyFAhO78aU0SuTG6YnDhbB7_nozqhvZ4VGbYLc/s320/unknown.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Vandalized Marker<br />
Hillside Cemetery, Bradford, ME</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<i>Inscription:</i><br />
change...<br />
of pure affections...<br />
He meekly gave up all for Christ<br />
And felt to die was gain.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNf8eR9K90-lhXJCrTupAm2bhHtJC-JjaQhIoOWdyhml8qaNQQG96F_7raUIV5CYzpAwB5EE9xJfU6Swr7Jv25d1dMux1hGOt0_30OP3hyphenhyphenvPn2KPoXyNwmLq8E9hWS8RCbfzvJf3f1B0U/s1600/jumbled_stones.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNf8eR9K90-lhXJCrTupAm2bhHtJC-JjaQhIoOWdyhml8qaNQQG96F_7raUIV5CYzpAwB5EE9xJfU6Swr7Jv25d1dMux1hGOt0_30OP3hyphenhyphenvPn2KPoXyNwmLq8E9hWS8RCbfzvJf3f1B0U/s320/jumbled_stones.jpg" width="320" /></a>Jumbled stones in the woods beside Hillside Cemetery, Bradford, ME. Vandalized and discarded stones include those of Civil War Veterans. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-S8UVDxbPHn6eUzb6ufmG5pQz7gaeCDrYbNsP9SPaFYuTpMZpZsY8RC2xLjpd7zuFkK7mYe-iyodgaRx6ZvNTXiWoPndpsK0s-0i3CCwE7rKkxzqP2lZckoWSj92pXFXq8VkFmVC0Uck/s1600/Edgerly_Chas.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-S8UVDxbPHn6eUzb6ufmG5pQz7gaeCDrYbNsP9SPaFYuTpMZpZsY8RC2xLjpd7zuFkK7mYe-iyodgaRx6ZvNTXiWoPndpsK0s-0i3CCwE7rKkxzqP2lZckoWSj92pXFXq8VkFmVC0Uck/s320/Edgerly_Chas.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Corner Cemetery, Bradford, ME</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<i>Inscription: </i><br />
Charles A. Edgerly<br />
Son of Eben &<br />
Bashaba Edgerly,<br />
died at Washington, D.C.<br />
Aug. 9, 1861,<br />
AE. 25 yrs. & 4 mos.<br />
<br />
To live in hearts of those we love<br />
Is not to die.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnae7iTg7Yr_RINo31afWaaVYo0atkqes2xYyUgBNBq-MTD_uxlKuOlLvfrbvLnrzNu2E3RQRuDmg1tIkXK_FDuxIaddu4xGRUpyscF9YX3Iig9T8o8-5eAqddEWeu1nmmdfRAMaaSt14/s1600/bryant_john.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnae7iTg7Yr_RINo31afWaaVYo0atkqes2xYyUgBNBq-MTD_uxlKuOlLvfrbvLnrzNu2E3RQRuDmg1tIkXK_FDuxIaddu4xGRUpyscF9YX3Iig9T8o8-5eAqddEWeu1nmmdfRAMaaSt14/s320/bryant_john.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">South Dover Cemetery, Route 15<br />06/07/2012</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
In memory of<br />John F. Bryant<br />a member of Co. I. 5<br />Regt. Me. Vols. killed in<br />battle at South Mountain, Va.<br />Sept. 14, 1862<br />AE. 38 yrs. 6 ms. ---<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz-2usygjRjK_Cvr49GCqJVFy8oD3IcsxQa_rqugfZEhJu34JQ9DqnYMroXCsCJfRBVZYeRavEgvp0f2eb1G7KPRZBdfCXmvCKVz2xlMLVMT8FilANb6Tm0lNOL-VKw6UV4xFsyAu1tWY/s1600/Crommett_Chas.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz-2usygjRjK_Cvr49GCqJVFy8oD3IcsxQa_rqugfZEhJu34JQ9DqnYMroXCsCJfRBVZYeRavEgvp0f2eb1G7KPRZBdfCXmvCKVz2xlMLVMT8FilANb6Tm0lNOL-VKw6UV4xFsyAu1tWY/s320/Crommett_Chas.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">South Dover Cemetery, Route 15<br />
06/07/201</td></tr>
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Charles D.<br />Son of James R. & Betsey B. Crommett,<br />A member of Co. K. 31 Reg<br />Me. Volunteers who died May 21, 1864,<br />AE 17 yrs. 6 mos & 6 days<br />
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How we have loved thee!<br />A father's anguish hath revealed full well,<br />A mother's gentler sorrow long will show,<br />And tears that in thy sister's eyes yet swell,<br />And brother's sighs and friends that mourn thee now,<br />Speak how we loved thee. <br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">North Dixmont Cemetery<br />06/07/2012</td></tr>
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The sunken, unmarked grave of Captain Samuel Getchell lays beside the marked grave of his wife, Sarah, beside which the local Veteran's leave a flag. <br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">North Dixmont Cemetery<br />06/07/2012</td></tr>
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Wm. T. Gray<br />Died<br />Feb. 21, 1864<br />1st Regt Heavy Artillery <br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cummings Cemetery, Parkman<br />06/07/2012</td></tr>
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John R. Sprague<br />2nd Lieut. of Co. D.<br />8th Regt. Maine Vols<br />died July 15, 1862,<br />AE. 22 yrs. & 8 mos.<br /><br />Henry H. [son of]<br />Orrin & Mary A. Sprague<br />died June 22, -----<br />AE 15 yrs. & 2 -----<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">South Levant Cemetery<br />06/07/2012</td></tr>
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For more information about how to help preserve Maine's cemeteries, visit the Maine Old Cemetery Association Web site at: <a href="http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/%7Ememoca/moca.htm">http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~memoca/moca.htm</a><br />
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<br />Kimberly J. Sawtellehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14205580201786739150noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2946431107826506110.post-23126024440645816352012-01-15T10:15:00.000-08:002018-06-07T10:55:52.223-07:00Mt. Hope Virtual Tour: The Merchant of Bangor<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_x4m2Q4G7wamBo1A3QKVe8Hywy0ebfJ_FNWDACuAirpqkQm8NU03mNwKK2vhyv8C2tQTMID6xqhj8badOkT2dnuXFUlbWYITjdUiYEO6lKiSvWC64OA4pAcLRHnEyA7sgxsQWt_NofDU/s1600/Junin_Joseph.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5697919591282007570" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_x4m2Q4G7wamBo1A3QKVe8Hywy0ebfJ_FNWDACuAirpqkQm8NU03mNwKK2vhyv8C2tQTMID6xqhj8badOkT2dnuXFUlbWYITjdUiYEO6lKiSvWC64OA4pAcLRHnEyA7sgxsQWt_NofDU/s320/Junin_Joseph.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 320px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 240px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"><br />Here lies the Remains of<br />Joseph H. Marie Junin<br />of La Rochelle in France <br />who departed this Life<br />the 18th Feby AD 1791,<br />In the 32d Year of his Age,<br />& the second Year of the<br />E'ra fo the French Liberty<br />Carrying with him<br />to the Grave<br />the sorrows of all<br />who knew him<br />May his soul rest in peace.</span><br />
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Friday night did not go well for Joseph H.M. Junin. No one truly knows what passed between the French fur trader and his nephew, Louis Paronneau, that evening. What is known is that the merchant--and suspected British spy--was found dead in his bed inside his small log cabin situated on one acre of land at the foot of Exchange Street in Bangor.<br />
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Junin purchased the parcel of land from Bangor settler, Jacob Dennett, on July 7, 1790 and established the cabin which served as both his trading post and home. His business “was what was called a trucking business; that is, an exchange traffic, where little or no money was used” (1882:538).<br />
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Despite rumors that Junin served as a British spy who used his influence with the Native population of the region to create trouble for American Revolutionaries in 1777, he was accepted into the young settlement on the shore of the Penobscot River, and welcomed as one of only three or four merchant/traders in the region.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJeeOfqP3B_kz43DSwrnzbPLI7rm3_joCc_Ugj7mySulfqsZzgwYVOSgZZqFpX78MH_XXfavNRYNMfW1Tluu3UQZimCE9q6_Lxt9LtkmaoBKSydxLSzdniHgohIO8drg4A7LSJjplsHLg/s1600/image.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5697918539516999426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJeeOfqP3B_kz43DSwrnzbPLI7rm3_joCc_Ugj7mySulfqsZzgwYVOSgZZqFpX78MH_XXfavNRYNMfW1Tluu3UQZimCE9q6_Lxt9LtkmaoBKSydxLSzdniHgohIO8drg4A7LSJjplsHLg/s320/image.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 249px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 320px;" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 85%;"> Image: 1790 United States Federal Census Record for David Howe,</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;"> assistant to the Marshall of the District of Maine. Number of free</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;"> white persons in the house hold, 2.</span></div>
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When Junin arrived in the fledgling community, he was accompanied by his 16-year-old nephew, Louis Paronneau. On the evening of Feb. 18, 1791, just seven days before Bangor’s incorporation as a city, Paronneau, “in great excitement rushed into the house of Jacob Dennett” and declared his fear that “the Indians would kill his uncle.” Shortly after the boy left the Dennett house, the report of gun fire was heard by witnesses in the area.<br />
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Junin’s cabin was visited following the gun fire, where witnesses found a scatter of muskrat skins on the floor and the 32-year-old trader dead his bed, shot twice through the head as he lay sleeping. According to accounts written by Joseph Porter (1887), Paronneau insisted that three Indians broken in and shot his uncle.<br />
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Historians’ accounts agree that five men, including Jacob Dennett, searched the woods and roads, through deep snow to search for rogue members of the Penobscot tribe and found no evidence of other parties.<br />
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Jonah Eddy, Justice of the Peace, summonsed a jury of 13 reputable men to the home of Jacob Dennett to view the body of the murder victim and hear testimony of witnesses to the evening’s events. The panel found probable cause that Paronneau committed the murder in order to gain possession of his uncle’s holdings.<br />
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As a result of the inquest, an arrest warrant was issued for Paronneau who was found three days later on February 22, traveling south along the Penobscot and apprehended.<br />
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Paronneau was held for trial at Pownalboro Jail. While in jail, Paronneau was not idle. On April 8, 1791, he wrote to the French Consul at Boston, Phillippe Andre Joseph de Létombe. The letter, now held in the Archives Nationales, Paris, is mentioned in passing in French Consuls in the United States by Nasatir and Monnell, and would have been unavailable to early Maine historians, who declared it a mystery as to how such a powerful political figure became involved in the case on the boy’s behalf.<br />
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According to Nasatir and Monnell, Létombe communicated to Chancellor Fleurieu:<br />
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"A young man named Paronneau, 15-16 years old, called by his uncle, M. Junin to Penobscot a year or two ago in the fur trade with the Indians. Boy arrived last year; he went to College de Soregu-Languedoc. Boy met schoolmates here. Informed last Fall that Junin was killed by him. Jury of Inquest said it was willful murder. Louis Paronneau imprisoned; says he is innocent" (1967:56).<br />
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Enclosed with this communication, Nasatir and Monnell note, is the letter of Paronneau to the Consul of France dated April 8, 1791. The letter is briefly summarized as follows:<br />
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“Asks his aid. Says he is innocent. Is in debt” (1967:56). <br />
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The Chancellor was sent to Pownalboro to “make and inventory” and serve as a guardian to Paronneau. Létombe also retained the region’s most prominent attorneys to defend the boy: John Gardiner and General William Lithgow, Jr.<br />
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The desperate youth did not halt his pleas for assistance with the French Consulate of Boston, however. On April 14, 1791, before his letter was even able to reach Boston, Paronneau authored a telling letter to President George Washington, published in <span style="font-style: italic;">The Papers of George Washington Presidential Series Vol 8, March-September 1791</span>.<br />
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The letter, in Paronneau’s words, follows:<br />
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<span style="font-style: italic;">"Oh! Glorious Deliverer of your Country; I most Humbly beg you to excuse my temerity in Daring to expose before your Highness a Picture of woes to which your mild Heart will be very sensible.</span><br />
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<span style="font-style: italic;">I have left my Country, at that prayer of a beloved uncle; The most Horrid murder has Deprived me of this Dear father, and (Could your Excellency believe the sad tale) black injustice with all its most Criminal Jury accuses me of being his murderer: I am Dragged in a Narrow Gaol where innocence ought Never to go: Nor my tears, nor my prayers, nor my innocence Can move the flinted Heart of inhumans who perhaps (oh Horror) are guilty of the Crime of which they accuse me.</span><br />
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<span style="font-style: italic;">be your Greatness Judge of my griefs in thinking of the Sorrow of a father and of a Mother that tenderly Cherish their son who pay's em with the same Love. I weep bitterly: not for myself, I weep, since I am innocent: but for the whole family of which I have always been the Delight.</span><br />
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<span style="font-style: italic;">In the name of your shining glory, in the name of Humanity, Design to interest yourself in the behalf of an unjustly accused youth; in the name of your greatness bear to the French Nation may your remedy the Dangerous sickness of one of her Limbs. with the most profound respect I implore all the succor, all the pity, all the tears that Justly Deserves of your Highness, the most unfortunate, the most thankful of the part you will take to his misfortunes, & most Humble Servt,</span><br />
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<span style="font-style: italic;">Louis Paronneau"</span><br />
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Though there is no evidence that Washington responded to the plea in any particular manner, it is interesting to note that Paronneau makes no mention of his uncle’s identity in his letter. Junin, whose actions during the Revolution and close relationship with the Penobscot Indians were tracked closely and reported by John Allan, superintendent of the Eastern Indians, Machias, would have been well-known to George Washington. Also of interest in Paronneau’s letter is his narcissistic tone and the suggestion that his accusers―rather than rogue Penobscot Indians―may be responsible for the murder and are framing him. In fact, the boy, while claiming innocence, makes no mention of the defense he emphasized to Dennett, Eddy, and the men of Bangor.<br />
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In July 1791, Consul Létombe traveled to Pownalboro to attend the trial. Under the representation of Gardner and Lithgow, Paroneau was acquitted of the charges and the balance of his uncle’s estate—minus costs for the search, inquest, several casks of rum for use by the Jury and gaoler, and 39 shillings for a gravestone—was turned over to John James Paronneau. In a communication to Chancellor Thevenard, Létombe flatly states, “I am sending him to his parents at La Rochelle.”<br />
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On August 3, 1791 Paronneau again wrote to President Washington, informing him of his release.<br />
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<span style="font-style: italic;">"My Lord, Pardon my Freedom if I dare flatter my Self that your generous Heart (if Nevertheless great objects interest themselves to small ones) hath heard with pleasure & joy the News of my Deliverance. yes: Justice hath taken place, & them who Seeked the News my Death have been Disappointed. you Highness hath, without Doubt, received the Letter I took the liberty of writing at the time of My Detention, Knowing your greatness was the father of Humanity, I have take the Leave of expounding my misfortunes: Misfortunes which I had not merited. the Love I bear to my parents too Strongly engages me to return to them; to make any Delay: therefore, I go: to Consolate a Desperate family, Mourning Brothers, & Sorrowful friends. if ever fortune favours me as much as to bring me to this Country again; please your excellency to give me the Leave of presenting my Self before"</span><br />
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Again, Paronneau’s personality shows in his letter as he makes no mention of the French Consul intervening on his behalf or that is it, indeed, the Consul who is sending him home to France. Though this was the Consul’s intent, there is evidence the boy eventually ended up in French colonial Region Grande Anse in Santo Domingo where his name is recorded in the Jérémie Papers, 1714-1896, currently held in the University of Florida in Gainesville archives. According to the Jérémie Papers, on April 20, 1796 a request was issued by M. Lefranc, trustee, to inventory the property of the late M. Louis Paronneau.<br />
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While events played out in the life of Louis Paronneau, his uncle, Joseph Junin was afforded burial by Bangor citizens in the cemetery at the corner of Oak and Washington Streets, a 39-shilling slate marker noting his grave. The French trader was later relocated to Old City Cemetery, adjacent to Mt. Hope Cemetery in 1835, along with other graves from the Oak Street cemetery, to clear the property for use by the railroad.<br />
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Note that the Tympanum of the slate stone is broken off. Though the overall style of this stone, as well as several of the older slate stones surrounding it, is in an earlier colonial design, with very narrow shoulders and no boarder design surrounding the tablet inscription, due to the date of the stone around 1791, the tympanum design could likely have been an very early Federalist urn motif which rose to popularity following the American Revolution, particularly after the death of George Washington in 1799.<br />
<span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><br />Sources:</span><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;">Filby, P. William, ed. (2010). <i>Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s</i>. Farmington Hills, MI, USA: Gale Research.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: 85%;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">History of Penobscot County, Maine with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches</i>. (1882) Cleveland: Williams, Chase & Co.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: 85%;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;">Jérémie Papers, 1714-1896. MS Group 17 (8-20). <span class="hps">University of</span> <span class="hps">Florida in Gainesville</span> Archives.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: 85%;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;">Nasatir, Abraham P. & Gary Elwyn Monell. (1967). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">French Consuls in the United States: A calendar of their correspondence in the Archives Nationalles.</i> Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;">Porter, Joseph W., ed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(1887). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Bangor Historical Magazine</i>, Vol. II. July 1886<span style="font-family: ";">—June 1887</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 85%;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-family: ";">Porter, Joseph W. (1877). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Memoir of Col. Jonathan Eddy, of Eddington, ME: with some account of the Eddy Family, and of the Early Settlers on Penobscot River</i>. Augusta, ME: Sprague, Owen, & Nash.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 85%;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Twohig, Dorothy,ed. (1999). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Papers of George Washington</i>. Presidential Series: Vol 8. March-September 1791.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: 85%;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 85%;">United States Federal Census (1790) Record for David Howe, assistant to the Marshall of the District of Maine.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
Submission Edited: 01/19/2012<br />
<br />
© Kimberly J. Sawtelle, 2012<br />
<br />
Visit the first installment of the Mount Hope Cemetery Virtual tour at:<br />
<a href="http://onagravesubject.blogspot.com/2011/09/virtual-tour-of-mount-hope-cemetery.html">http://onagravesubject.blogspot.com/2011/09/virtual-tour-of-mount-hope-cemetery.html</a>Kimberly J. Sawtellehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14205580201786739150noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2946431107826506110.post-85592222413518741062012-01-13T16:02:00.000-08:002012-01-14T06:16:29.424-08:00Grave markers Stolen from Woolwich Maine Cemetery<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2CzlUU9IF1N2hR8Q7gNsEE1erCWGfgmRMLHL3BLuMws5b-vSxjA54ik6HPMVM__pw5YZAaVpwcsgn1z7Acl8xRgQ86uNIUe_3T5Ab_0WudgrKAVgPzcl0EsZEZTxLKyn1KPv_mwcBfRE/s1600/Picture+4.png"><img style="float: right; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 262px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2CzlUU9IF1N2hR8Q7gNsEE1erCWGfgmRMLHL3BLuMws5b-vSxjA54ik6HPMVM__pw5YZAaVpwcsgn1z7Acl8xRgQ86uNIUe_3T5Ab_0WudgrKAVgPzcl0EsZEZTxLKyn1KPv_mwcBfRE/s320/Picture+4.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5697275281595294786" border="0" /></a>In early January 2012, two significant, historical grave markers were reported missing from the Nequasset Cemetery in Woolwich, Maine.<br /><br />The first marker, dating from Maine's colonial period, is dedicated to the memory of Deacon Samuel Ford. The thin, tablet-style marker, features a unique winged-head design with the inscription, "Know ye the Hour." Additional historical information about the marker is available through the Maine Memory Network online at <a href="http://www.mainememory.net/artifact/12469/">http://www.mainememory.net/artifact/12469/</a>.<br /><br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdLICQeClgrAbWBj7XPAqOpzuE0YLpGhhUfDJjFwoEKghe0kXE6JLG6JMKnnhh5SiKJagL0ETr3AgR28Sc7FjUN2NNUk1QON5YlF2Xql8geeTtdOHaytKvCxov47WD-9XKnWUl4EBZ5wc/s1600/Picture+2.png"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 234px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdLICQeClgrAbWBj7XPAqOpzuE0YLpGhhUfDJjFwoEKghe0kXE6JLG6JMKnnhh5SiKJagL0ETr3AgR28Sc7FjUN2NNUk1QON5YlF2Xql8geeTtdOHaytKvCxov47WD-9XKnWUl4EBZ5wc/s320/Picture+2.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5697275078357258258" border="0" /></a>The second missing marker belongs to the grave of Reverend Josiah Winship, who departed this life Sept. 28, 1824. This slate marker features an elegantly carved willow-and-urn motif, as can be seen in the attached image, photocopied from the January 2012 <span style="font-style: italic;">Maine Antique Digest</span>.<br /><br />Please share this information widely among your friends and associates, including antique dealers.<br /><br />Any information regarding the missing stones should be directed to the Maine State Police, or the stones may be returned to the Nequasset Cemetery.Kimberly J. Sawtellehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14205580201786739150noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2946431107826506110.post-54398794967948257762011-09-18T08:24:00.000-07:002012-01-15T10:19:37.713-08:00Virtual Tour of Mount Hope Cemetery<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZODeDpaT0gVWWOQ8Sqq4ShVrwj7MeVVCAx3x8zZrFk_tCObBdXH9e2WRRH2EisdF4_ecpwzDWc5eAKP9T2UvUBlhFJhW5WnUvLgFBhJzvFJqd1VO0mLP9WKsZ34zPv5tkv67DTJisuGQ/s1600/tourgroup.jpg"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZODeDpaT0gVWWOQ8Sqq4ShVrwj7MeVVCAx3x8zZrFk_tCObBdXH9e2WRRH2EisdF4_ecpwzDWc5eAKP9T2UvUBlhFJhW5WnUvLgFBhJzvFJqd1VO0mLP9WKsZ34zPv5tkv67DTJisuGQ/s320/tourgroup.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5653730856509738674" border="0" /></a><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:85%;" >September 17, 2011 tour sponsored by Maine Old Cemetery Association hearing the history of the nation's first Civil War monument honoring the Union dead, dedicated June 16, 1864.</span><br /><br />In June 2011, I was asked to give a walking tour of Mount Hope Cemetery for members of the <a href="http://www.gravestonestudies.org/">Association of Gravestone Studies</a> attending the 34th annual conference in Waterville, Maine. Since then, I've given a couple more walking tours, each one expanding as people ask questions, spurring me to research the cemetery and its residents in greater and greater depth.<br /><br />Comments from friends living at a distance have spurred me to move my tour content to a Virtual Tour available through my On a Grave Subject blog. Due to the scope of information, I will start with an historic overview and expand as I have opportunity. For more information about the history of Bangor, Maine please visit the <a href="http://www.bangormuseum.com/html/home.htm">Bangor Museum and Center for History</a> website. <a href="http://www.mainememory.net/">The Maine</a><a href="http://www.mainememory.net/"> Memory Network</a> also provides access to rare historical resources.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Historic Overview of the City of Bangor, Maine</span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJCRd4wHvz9m5Sj9dGdKvK42I-x4SwPhMG7TntHN86036HRfkdaB4b76ou8aHEeA4r9OKfkQo0_gy6cmaHkhrqWVC5jhKozJ5jw1-jBtftGDTR1hLpXKmPx9E5IpXuuEKWOY1NJp9tq7U/s1600/mthope.jpg"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJCRd4wHvz9m5Sj9dGdKvK42I-x4SwPhMG7TntHN86036HRfkdaB4b76ou8aHEeA4r9OKfkQo0_gy6cmaHkhrqWVC5jhKozJ5jw1-jBtftGDTR1hLpXKmPx9E5IpXuuEKWOY1NJp9tq7U/s320/mthope.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5653724827599848642" border="0" /></a><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:85%;" >View of Mount Hope Cemetery, the second oldest garden cemetery in the United States consecrated July 21, 1836.</span><br /><br />The City of Bangor, situated on the West bank of the Penobscot River and bisected by the Kenduskeag Stream, was first settled in 1769 by Jacob Buswell (Bussell), along with his pioneering wife and eight children. By 1772, the settlement of Kenduskeag Plantation boasted 12 families: Buswell, Howard, Crosby, Dennet, Smart, Treat, Rowell, Webb, Webster and Hathorn<br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRAcv5rQo7B52lp6XmPxzKDL7pRp7WYtXYzkK28okVPRLzFqtIiD99jRmYGCEwwfKQQv5XPwX00h3UdTlFlMpbzeOakkdRCK02Iq5zhpqxQii3A4KtWhYwfeTmHOxUKNXqGu43sOtMzPQ/s1600/crosby_sarah.jpg"><img style="float: right; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; cursor: pointer; width: 242px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRAcv5rQo7B52lp6XmPxzKDL7pRp7WYtXYzkK28okVPRLzFqtIiD99jRmYGCEwwfKQQv5XPwX00h3UdTlFlMpbzeOakkdRCK02Iq5zhpqxQii3A4KtWhYwfeTmHOxUKNXqGu43sOtMzPQ/s320/crosby_sarah.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5653731865105217618" border="0" /></a><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:85%;" >In Memory of Sarah Crosby, wife of Simon Crosby died June 1st 1810. AE. 79. She was an honour to her family, and a bright example of the Christian Religion. Sarah and a half-dozen of her descendants were relocated by the Crosby family from the "Crosbyville" plot on Thatcher Street to Mount Hope Cemetery, thus avoiding the fate of many small family burial grounds obliterated by urban development.</span><br /><br />Bangor's earliest public proceedings were dated 1789, when community members established a place of public worship. The act of incorporation was obtained February 25, 1791, 22 years after the Buswell family settled on the banks of the Penobscot. By this time, the village included 567 members. The good Reverend S.L. Pomroy was selected to file the official papers for Kenduskeag Plantation's formal incorporation.<br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAxm2dVTMAFhKjS11Dul4Z3QxfroBd4C_a0p1MKAYnG9jh_R6xTtFCKPXve7N_wwxtzmNRJVcVyS88k9KOqZ08jh0rFICnkp7ffAq4hU3yt_nOP_zJhtEsNpTjHV7vtEeATzMSbRSUyyc/s1600/elliot.jpg"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAxm2dVTMAFhKjS11Dul4Z3QxfroBd4C_a0p1MKAYnG9jh_R6xTtFCKPXve7N_wwxtzmNRJVcVyS88k9KOqZ08jh0rFICnkp7ffAq4hU3yt_nOP_zJhtEsNpTjHV7vtEeATzMSbRSUyyc/s320/elliot.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5653733472390751410" border="0" /></a><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:85%;" >In Memory of Francis Elliott, son of Daniel & Issabella Lambert Died Jan 7, 1827. Slate willow and urn style stone in the old Bangor City Cemetery.</span><br /><br />As he entered the clerk's office, Rev. Pomroy was humming his favorite hymn entitled, "Bangor." When the registry clerk requested the name of the new community, Pomroy misunderstood and gave the clerk the title of the hymn. From that moment forward, Kenduskeag Plantation was known as Bangor.<br /><br />In 1834, a city charter, council and mayor were established and the city, riding a surge of timber harvesting, log drives and ship building, grew rapidly in population and wealth. Following major floods of the city in 1846 and 1849, epidemic Cholera outbreaks resulted in significant numbers of deaths.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Historic Overview of Bangor's Public Burial Grounds</span></div><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgprC-eKmrYCqaefAjiw8IGqg4McAlFA4JfYMtG_Z3GVeLuSZ7GdmZH5EpmdmbyRH3Xorwgrg8TpHTeMrMBmkN2nz-Nk_flr8BHzwu3W-HxMuykuQj8DqEIIoAg5_abfJvzoLCcnoP2n6g/s1600/oldcity.jpg"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgprC-eKmrYCqaefAjiw8IGqg4McAlFA4JfYMtG_Z3GVeLuSZ7GdmZH5EpmdmbyRH3Xorwgrg8TpHTeMrMBmkN2nz-Nk_flr8BHzwu3W-HxMuykuQj8DqEIIoAg5_abfJvzoLCcnoP2n6g/s320/oldcity.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5653726136762673506" border="0" /></a><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:85%;" >View of Bangor's old City Cemetery.</span> <span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-style: italic;">The position of stones relocated from Bangor's oldest burial grounds indicate that bodies did not accompany the markers. The earliest marker is a slate marker dated 1791.</span></span><br /><br />Though small, family burial plots were scattered across the Bangor landscape and have long-since disappeared under urban growth, the earliest communal burial ground was located on Thomas Hill, near the present day junction of Highland Avenue and Highland Street. As the town's population increased, the grounds located on this steep slope were quickly abandoned and two new burial grounds were established on opposite sides of the Kenduskeag Stream around 1807.<br /><br />One burial ground was located on the lot now occupied by the YMCA building at the southerly end of Court Street. The second lot was located between Oak Street and the Penobscot River.<br /><br />In 1834 as the city's charter was adopted, "the prevailing sentiments of its citizens strongly favored the selection of new cemetery grounds." Discussion regarding the location of the new burial grounds grew heated and the Bangor Horticultural Society was formed to purchase 50-acres on the outskirts of the city and hire Charles G. Bryant, a noted local architect, to design a "landscape" or "garden" cemetery. Consecrated on July 21, 1836, Mount Hope Cemetery was second only to Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge Massachusetts to reflect the mid-19th Century American disenchantment with urban centers and a desire to provide a romanticized rural atmosphere within reach of the city dweller.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiu-IosnbLA4RG6o9J8yaPAG0DHLD4ZC2XEppGBugJfJd8uStPPw1TgW9S__MWgorind5v71IFDk4jT3mpnUQRmZQMyc-JY1EJLAL-rY_gS6uPugTKSF6ojVa7Z4JFtFnda6cqbwRDZ_o/s1600/cary.jpg"><img style="float: right; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; cursor: pointer; width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiu-IosnbLA4RG6o9J8yaPAG0DHLD4ZC2XEppGBugJfJd8uStPPw1TgW9S__MWgorind5v71IFDk4jT3mpnUQRmZQMyc-JY1EJLAL-rY_gS6uPugTKSF6ojVa7Z4JFtFnda6cqbwRDZ_o/s320/cary.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5653735001694760258" border="0" /></a><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:85%;" >The relocated gravestone of Tolman Cary, the son of Ezra Cary and Cynthia Tolman was born July 17, 1796, Sterling, Mass. He graduated from Bowdoin College and was a practicing physician in Sangerville, Maine. He died in Bangor, June 28, 1830.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Source: </span></span><span>General catalogue of Bowdoin College, 1794-1916</span></span>.<br /><br />According to Albert W. Paine, counselor at Law, in his <span style="font-style: italic;">History of Mount Hope Cemetery, Bangor, Maine</span>, written in 1907, around 1837, the extension of Court Street to Hammond Street was completed. As today, the court house was adjacent to a steep hill leading into a deep valley. In order to finish Court Street, it was deemed necessary to dump the hill into the valley.<br /><br />Unfortunately, the selected resource included one of the two cemeteries established in 1807. Having been active for the previous 30 years, there were still living relatives of the dead residing in the city. One evening, during a stroll, a local citizen recognized a coffin protruding from the fill area, as well as human remains. There was an immediate outcry and what remains could be located and secured were removed and re-buried at the second 1807 cemetery, located near Oak Street.<br /><br />Thirteen years later, in 1850, the City Council closed the Oak Street cemetery and in December of that year, conveyed the property to Maine Central Railroad. Burials from the cemetery were relocated to what is now the old section of Bangor City Cemetery, which lies directly adjacent to Mount Hope Cemetery. Bangor City Cemetery, though a separate entity, is under management of the Mount Hope Cemetery Corporation.<br /><br />Management and maintenance of Mount Hope and Bangor City Cemeteries are undertaken by Superintendent Stephen Burrill.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:85%;" >For more information about Mount Hope Cemetery, a cemetery map, and access to interment records, please visit the <a href="http://www.mthopebgr.com/">Mount Hope Cemetery</a> website.</span><br /><br />Stay tuned for the next stop on my Virtual Tour of Mount Hope Cemetery and an opportunity to meet Bangor's first European victim of murder at the hands of another European.<br /><br />Next stop on the virtual tour, The Merchant of Bangor:<br /><a href="http://onagravesubject.blogspot.com/2012/01/mt-hope-virtual-tour-merchant-of-bangor.html">http://onagravesubject.blogspot.com/2012/01/mt-hope-virtual-tour-merchant-of-bangor.html</a><br /></div>Kimberly J. Sawtellehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14205580201786739150noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2946431107826506110.post-81759788162722195832010-07-10T15:44:00.000-07:002010-07-11T07:37:02.841-07:00In Memoriam: The Resurrection of Job<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVgj0QNVlkGNFCvhScoTRO1J7Lu6foAUMkCJyFyxRg5PCsEC3oetoq_uvGu8IFV3V95Etacfv90LY6lFdTlZ5poGVnhS1FLaXEm7dVmkHdLx3olLX5y49CLhaV_qKlskiQnqXrPk4pLvM/s1600/inmemoriam.png"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 182px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVgj0QNVlkGNFCvhScoTRO1J7Lu6foAUMkCJyFyxRg5PCsEC3oetoq_uvGu8IFV3V95Etacfv90LY6lFdTlZ5poGVnhS1FLaXEm7dVmkHdLx3olLX5y49CLhaV_qKlskiQnqXrPk4pLvM/s320/inmemoriam.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5492429780171089298" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:verdana;"><br />Like so many others, nearly everything Job Collett created during 50 years of hard work and dedication, disappeared in the roaring flames of the Great Bangor Fire of 1911. Today, though his image lives on in the microfilm and digitized archives of <span style="font-style: italic;">The</span> <span style="font-style: italic;">Bangor Daily Whig & Courier</span>, his name is all but forgotten, save the prominent lettering on a large granite monument that marks his place of rest at Mount Hope Cemetery on State Street.</span><br /></span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihqkr1hHNiNlMLzayTekyF1InmibWzNPR97tHvo2lm22KNV_qBQrnqpFBNFXwa1pQYZIfW430joflikOq35Dwn1ikg71VymKEMdvPI6zN4SUE3Y7DOcWcPM2Pm1M6SVfZqt84zv1LFbCo/s1600/jobcollett2.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihqkr1hHNiNlMLzayTekyF1InmibWzNPR97tHvo2lm22KNV_qBQrnqpFBNFXwa1pQYZIfW430joflikOq35Dwn1ikg71VymKEMdvPI6zN4SUE3Y7DOcWcPM2Pm1M6SVfZqt84zv1LFbCo/s320/jobcollett2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5492429087934445906" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">The imposing marker bearing the name of Job Collett is crafted from fine-grained, gray granite and stands at the head of a family plot containing six graves. The stone exhibits architectural characteristics of the Classic Revival period with the hipped-gable “cap” design featuring a false entablature with engraved dentil frieze. A graceful, concave curvature of the four sides of the stone save the monument from a clumsy, blocky feel, while the raised Commercial Gothic lettering makes an authoritative statement.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">The rigid structure of the primary marker and foot markers for Job, second wife Elizabeth, and son Charles T. Collett, stand in stark contrast to the sentimental Victorian era white marble markers for Job’s mother, Jane Marks and Job and Elizabeth’s infant children, Willie and Lillie. In even greater contrast is the romantic, yet naturalistic marble stump gravestone memorializing Job’s first wife, Julia M. and eldest daughter, Jennie M.</span><br /></span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDhd93q9pp89vA0-S9YdRsDP2yFiHl7TEArrXcGqZo_ZYUKqh_8QLxrA3eR8o4RLxJq5bV3CPtTv7GUB5WNIn5BEhalpYF-BFsmyoJ0sA-we-HY-WgnhRSQ9pfbr80YjPnUriyfJ-hpgE/s1600/jennie_julia.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 195px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDhd93q9pp89vA0-S9YdRsDP2yFiHl7TEArrXcGqZo_ZYUKqh_8QLxrA3eR8o4RLxJq5bV3CPtTv7GUB5WNIn5BEhalpYF-BFsmyoJ0sA-we-HY-WgnhRSQ9pfbr80YjPnUriyfJ-hpgE/s320/jennie_julia.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5492428186380850770" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">A graceful, curvilinear grape vine is carved climbing the front of the stump marker, its roots exposed as if having been pulled from the earth; its fruit withering on the vine. Atop the stump’s slanted top lay a dove in the throes of death, a twig of laurel pillowing its small head.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Lettering on the front and sides of the stone are mixed raised Commercial Gothic for the proper and family names, and engraved Lombardic-style lettering providing dates and status as “wife” and “daughter.” The inscriptions read: Julia M. Collett / April 1, 1828 / Sept. 16, 1853. Jennie M. / Daughter of Job & Julia M. Collett / July 26, 1850 / Feb. 22, 1872. Wife and daughter of / Job Collett.</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><hr /><br /></span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-c-Ajx9XiNxsaC0WEpwUkSZEHrHAk5FgqlW6u9R_Oz4JNRuNh_s9IBcHStZihbrjVGkzHvu3YJrlhjTms4MYLrMI3hprBmpJbOq6EhG4MXiITkFuP9HXX3LmumubeOoO4W2Vy30ymVo0/s1600/checkpattern.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-c-Ajx9XiNxsaC0WEpwUkSZEHrHAk5FgqlW6u9R_Oz4JNRuNh_s9IBcHStZihbrjVGkzHvu3YJrlhjTms4MYLrMI3hprBmpJbOq6EhG4MXiITkFuP9HXX3LmumubeOoO4W2Vy30ymVo0/s320/checkpattern.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5492427692071521618" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Each of the cut tree limbs on the Collett stump stone exhibits the checking pattern of wood cut and exposed to weather and drying. Three straight lines radiate from a central point in each limb. The frequency of occurrence of this particular pattern in rustic stump stones through out Maine, indicate it is an established part of the overall form. Likely it also represents the Holy Trinity, as a vast number of rustic tree stump stones in the Bangor region are located in the Catholic cemetery. That the pattern carries over to stones carved for Protestant markers points to the mark being part of an accepted design and a likelihood, that the stone cutters themselves were of the Catholic faith.</span><br /></span><br /><br /><br /><hr /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjSw76rhMhOdmw40PWD34cxfZMFJyb4HvAdapDKlFHmbjg2DSdMdGW1C8RRH51RNPcABR2X6a2gfiG9Z2Y53qQC3p0momuj4ThUMXJ-WBVOVozBvJCqvfk_8cUMs1Hr3-mtL-UHPMkEn4/s1600/janemarks.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjSw76rhMhOdmw40PWD34cxfZMFJyb4HvAdapDKlFHmbjg2DSdMdGW1C8RRH51RNPcABR2X6a2gfiG9Z2Y53qQC3p0momuj4ThUMXJ-WBVOVozBvJCqvfk_8cUMs1Hr3-mtL-UHPMkEn4/s320/janemarks.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5492426770915966530" border="0" /></a><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >The stone of Jane Marks, mother of Job Collett, is executed in a Gothic Revival motif, reflecting the decorated English gothic style with a ribbed, acute arch with ornamented terminals. The central design is that of an open book or Bible with the words: “St. John Chap. XIV” carved on the left facing page; the King James version of which reads:<br /></span><blockquote style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:78%;">Let not your heart be troubled: ye believe in God, believe also in me.<br />In my Father’s house are many mansions: if it were not so, I would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you.<br />And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again, and receive you unto myself; that where I am, there ye may be also.<br />And whither I go ye know, and the way ye know.</span></span></blockquote><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >The word “Mother” appears in raised Commercial Gothic lettering, matching the style of Job’s primary marker as well as that of Julia and Jennie.<br /><br />On the back of the stone the inscription is engraved in Lombardic-style lettering which reads: Jane Marks, wife of Thomas Collett, died April 23, 1862, AE. 68 years. Native of Milksham [sic], Wilts [sic], England.<br /></span><br /><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >The final white marble stone in the Collett family plot is that marking the graves of </span><span style="font-size:85%;"><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5JQbp6GbC5zj6v2y_0MDUw1Zq8SkdduyN2zvnaGaDOHe88P3nfSnsaJ9W_WNHTLSYztwzcdG2otynu9IJ9LtxxeOEzfvMmel6St3EUomH0TdXmV1XhfRA4-mMuoc5giQmKR-bshXSYuk/s1600/willie_lillie.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 223px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5JQbp6GbC5zj6v2y_0MDUw1Zq8SkdduyN2zvnaGaDOHe88P3nfSnsaJ9W_WNHTLSYztwzcdG2otynu9IJ9LtxxeOEzfvMmel6St3EUomH0TdXmV1XhfRA4-mMuoc5giQmKR-bshXSYuk/s320/willie_lillie.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5492425186794531650" border="0" /></a></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >infants Willie and Lillie, children of Job and second wife, Elizabeth A. (Sawyer) Collett.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >The sentimental stone depicts a lamb, either dead or sleeping, atop the stone asymmetrically draped in fabric with tassels adorning the corners. As with the other stones on the lot, the names of the children are in raised Commercial Gothic font while the engraved inscription on the back of the stone is completed in Lombardic-style lettering.</span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" > The inscription reads:<br /><br />Willie T.<br />Died March 30, 1856,<br />AE 5 weeks.<br />Lillie,<br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Died July 19, 1866,<br />AE 7 weeks, 4 days.<br />Children of Job & Elizabeth A. Collett</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrItpglf-NttJQ1d4l6yo778TJ_Ey4UFduRkALbp9qZMo1kUMvNzUksGohk_t6I3ice5_2Tw5HUuwZX8-2ojqDaL-HClRtVOiINd76ldeUwXSTDmcMILffBvUVM97jCnosdt8UCdHxDZ0/s1600/jobcollett.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrItpglf-NttJQ1d4l6yo778TJ_Ey4UFduRkALbp9qZMo1kUMvNzUksGohk_t6I3ice5_2Tw5HUuwZX8-2ojqDaL-HClRtVOiINd76ldeUwXSTDmcMILffBvUVM97jCnosdt8UCdHxDZ0/s320/jobcollett.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5492423039963293650" border="0" /></a></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >In stark contrast to the marble markers, the foot marker for Job Collett, wife Elizabeth A. (Sawyer) and son Charles T., are stark, almost industrial gray granite blocks matching that of the primary stone. Inscriptions are incised in Commercial Gothic lettering bearing just the facts and no particular sentiment.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Job Collett<br />Born May 26, 1825<br />Died July 26, 1894</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1TM1gkUJ30OlLa09yJ2Zb9XIHZTBM58eYPp95BbQDV1BUUjQPSWE40f62EbY-SzuBkZLcERDLbeObav8cXbZmUIL-VFETQmBGkKaeY-oIcrdUM42_GuUTtKxasg6EAM5lIJzCf1Y1ZpU/s1600/elizabetha.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1TM1gkUJ30OlLa09yJ2Zb9XIHZTBM58eYPp95BbQDV1BUUjQPSWE40f62EbY-SzuBkZLcERDLbeObav8cXbZmUIL-VFETQmBGkKaeY-oIcrdUM42_GuUTtKxasg6EAM5lIJzCf1Y1ZpU/s320/elizabetha.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5492422859231448562" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Elizabeth A.<br />wife of<br />Job Collett<br />Born May 17, 1834<br />Died Nov. 4, 1906</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxHS5PuA6f62oZTUOx9r3ugZPwLnTCPYsR4z0TTnzY_SMHe8sxLkvZ64WjVyjWyybaiUD2ah5YbgchYVw5fcOs8-BZR4z5EyVPsUHR1omWibE_1XlD16iBpOkZOE4cdm7agMUM5N-_1aE/s1600/charlesTcollett.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxHS5PuA6f62oZTUOx9r3ugZPwLnTCPYsR4z0TTnzY_SMHe8sxLkvZ64WjVyjWyybaiUD2ah5YbgchYVw5fcOs8-BZR4z5EyVPsUHR1omWibE_1XlD16iBpOkZOE4cdm7agMUM5N-_1aE/s320/charlesTcollett.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5492422661448429554" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Charles T. Collett<br />Born Dec. 26, 1857<br />Died Nov. 16, 1919</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Who was Job Collett?</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Job Collett was born on May 26, 1825, a native of Melksham, Wiltshire, England; the son of Thomas and Jane (Marks) Collett. Thomas and Jane immigrated to New Haven, Connecticut approximately 1826, with Job (then age one) and three older sons, Jacob, John, and Thomas, Jr. in tow. The family later moved to Lowell, Massachusetts and finally to Bangor, around 1845. The Collett name first appears in the <span style="font-style: italic;">Bangor Maine City Directory</span> in 1846. Both Thomas and Thomas, Jr., living on Pine Street, are noted as file cutters in this directory but Job’s name is absent from the listing.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >In 1848, Thomas, Sr. and son John are listed as file cutters in the city directory, doing business at the Exchange Street location but neither Thomas, Jr. nor Job is listed. It is not until 1851 that Job’s name makes it’s first appearance in the Bangor City Directory, listed as being employed at Woodbury & Collett File Factory and Hardware Store, 35 Exchange Street, Bangor.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><span style="font-style: italic;">The Bangor Daily Whig & Courier</span> (<span style="font-style: italic;">The Whig</span>) in July 1847 notes the “removal” of T. & J. File Factory, Hardware and Saws to a storefront on Exchange Street, next to Phillips & Witherley’s Brick Block, three doors north of York Street. According to later articles in <span style="font-style: italic;">The Whig</span>, the file factory was apparently named for brothers Thomas and Job. First evidence of the Woodbury & Collett partnership appears in <span style="font-style: italic;">The Whig</span> on April 10, 1850. From that point forward, Job Collett ran daily advertisements promoting the sale of new and re-cut files, first from the joint Woodbury & Collett venture and from 1852 on as a solo operation.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Following his death in August 1897, <span style="font-style: italic;">The Whig</span> ran a brief article stating: “The late Mr. Job Collett was a pioneer in this city in advertising by a cut of himself. Many of <span style="font-style: italic;">The Whig</span> readers will remember the “ad” and the position it occupied for years at the head of the first column on the first page with the injunction, “Files! Files! Now is the time to sharpen up,” while below was a cut of M. Collett sitting at a file block in the act of cutting a file. He used this “ad” for years and became well known all over the State thereby.”</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj26hAOcstcwqdnj9mfKu11jrb0zHwaFd7s5MsZ02IlCvZk4xHL9pIPUpv3KZYXwaXklUw5rj5xPI4xmq8X_m_fF44FBhNRy1XOz3GrMZUWzsqp8BAiORGK2g2E6ZIOx8wfxTsV2jlFw_U/s1600/filesfiles.gif"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj26hAOcstcwqdnj9mfKu11jrb0zHwaFd7s5MsZ02IlCvZk4xHL9pIPUpv3KZYXwaXklUw5rj5xPI4xmq8X_m_fF44FBhNRy1XOz3GrMZUWzsqp8BAiORGK2g2E6ZIOx8wfxTsV2jlFw_U/s320/filesfiles.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5492421254088426386" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:verdana;font-size:78%;" >A wood cut portrait of Job Collett seated at a file block cutting a file ran almost daily from 1850 until the 1880s on the pages of <span style="font-style: italic;">The Bangor Daily Whig & Courier</span>, making Collett a pioneer of self-promotion among local businessmen. The copy typically read:<br /><br />Files! — — — Files!<br />Now is the Time to Sharpen Up<br />and get ready for business. I have on hand<br />1000 Dozen Files<br />and am finishing off 150 dozen per week<br />which I am selling at<br />The Lowest Prices.<br />And will warrant them equal to any imported<br />Call and see them.<br />Old Files Re-cut as usual<br />Job Collett — — — Exchange Street</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >It was during the early period of Job Collett’s career that he married his first wife, Julia M., also a native of England. Research has yet to reveal if the marriage occurred in Maine or Massachusetts. The couple produced a daughter, Jennie M., on July 26, 1850, the same year Job ventured into his solo file cutting business. Three years later, Julia died on September 16, 1853. The cause of Julia’s death has not been established and no obituary noting her passing appeared in <span style="font-style: italic;">The Whig</span>.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Daughter Jennie died on February 22, 1872. Jennie’s brief obituary, which provides no cause of death, appeared on page two of the February 24, 1872 <span style="font-style: italic;">Whig & Courier</span>: “DIED In this city, Feb. 22d, Jennie M. Collett, daughter of Job Collett, aged 21 years, 6 months and 26 days. The funeral will take place Sunday afternoon at 10 1/2 o’clock, at the Vestry of the Universalist Church. Friends and relatives are invited.”</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >As a widower with a toddler to raise and a business to grow, it was necessary for Job to remarry. His second wife was Elizabeth A. Sawyer, age 19 or 20, of Old Town, Maine. Together, the couple raised Jennie and gave birth to five children of their own. Their eldest child, Willie T., died in at five weeks of age in 1856. Ten years later, baby Lillie would die at only seven weeks and four days old, in 1866. Charles T., Carrie and Henry Eugene all survived to adulthood.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Elizabeth undoubtedly saw to the raising of children and various, typical household duties of the day as she was noted in the U.S. Census Reports as “keeping house.” Elizabeth is mentioned only four times in <span style="font-style: italic;">The Whig</span>, once as a participant in a musical production at Norumbega Hall in the early 1880s; once when Job took ill while in Howland and she was called to his side; again when falling in 1887 and breaking her wrist while attempting to board a carriage; and finally—and the only time by name—in Job’s obituary, July 1894.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Intent on building his business and wealth, in 1857 Job invested in constructing a brick structure on the corner of York and Exchange Streets, which initially housed Pomfret & Langley West India Goods, Grocery and Provision Business in August 1857. Through the records of <span style="font-style: italic;">The Whig</span>, it is obvious businesses changed frequently in and out of the Collett building while Job’s business continued to operate out of its original Exchange Street storefront. The onset of the Civil War and subsequent economic depression of the 1870s likely contributed to this frequent turn over of occupants.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Though a G.A.R. flag holder is placed at Job’s headstone in Mount Hope Cemetery, there is no record of the gentleman serving during the war. While other prominent businessmen of the day freely spoke out in support of the war, there is only one mention of the staunchly republican Job Collett in the columns of <span style="font-style: italic;">The Whig</span> between 1861 and 1865 (beyond his usual advertisement), leading one to believe that, publicly at least, he was discrete in his opinion of the War Between the States.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Prominence and Prosperity</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >In 1861, <span style="font-style: italic;">The Whig</span> reported that Job filed a claim against City Council for damaged done to his property as a result road grading done on Exchange Street. The matter was tabled and no further mention of the issue is made in the pages of the press, however, in 1871 Job was named a Street Engineer for the Bangor City Council. Following this appointment, the editors of <span style="font-style: italic;">The Whig</span>, began to mention Job Collett with increased regularity and eventually with a familiarity that suggests a relationship beyond that of just business.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >As business and social success visited Job Collett, so too apparently did thievery. On February 8, 1870, Fred McKenney was found guilty of breaking into the file factory on the night on January 11, 1870 and stealing files, bank bills and copper coin. According to <span style="font-style: italic;">The Whig</span>: “One piece of money was fully identified by Mr. Collett as the same piece that had been lying for some length of time on his desk in the shop.” The defendant’s efforts to deflect blame by testifying he received the coins and other money from his wife did not sway the jury. No mention was made of Job executing changes to his banking habits.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >The prominence of the social circle in which Job Collett moved is most evident in the February 21, 1873 edition of <span style="font-style: italic;">The Whig</span>, when he is listed among citizens who meet to discuss approval of the Shore Line Railroad. Among citizens selected to serve on an investigation committee on behalf of the City Council were: A.W. Paine; S.P. Strickland; Sprague Adams; L.J. Morse; S.P. Bradbury</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><sup style="font-family: verdana;">1;</sup></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" > R.S. Prescott; G.W. Merrill; W.B. Hayford; Charles Dwinel; Job Collett; J.G. Clark; George Stetson; and George A. Thatcher, all well-known and successful businessmen noted throughout Bangor’s early history.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >In the 1860 United States Federal Census, Job Collett was listed owning real estate valued at $1000 and personal property valued at $1000. In 1870, Job’s wealth and holdings increased to $3000 in real estate holdings and $2000 in personal property. By 1880, Job is noted in the U.S. Federal Census Non-Population Schedule as having a capital value (both real and personal) of $6000. The value of materials in the factory was placed at $2700 while the products were valued at $9000.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >In addition to his personal and business holdings, in 1880 the File Factory employed 10 full-time, year-round employees and as many as 19 part-time hands, paying over $5000 in annual salaries. The factory operated three boilers to power grinders and other machinery. Additionally, he leased the grinder in the old jail to handle overflow work. Wages paid to experienced hands exhibited Job’s value for his employees as he paid $2.50 per day to skilled mechanics and $1.25 per day to ordinary laborers.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Within the decade of the 1880s, references to Job Collett, Esq.— denoting him as a gentleman of high but non-specific social status — began to appear in <span style="font-style: italic;">The Whig</span>. He was listed as a local delegate to the Republican caucus, traveling to both Augusta and Portland to carry out his duties, and listed among officers of the Penobscot Lodge of Odd Fellows.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >It is obvious from the pages of <span style="font-style: italic;">The Whig</span>, Job worked to reach success as a Bangor businessman and once achieving that status, enjoyed the fruits of his labor becoming increasingly involved in social and political arenas among the higher ranks of Bangor society.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Decline and Death</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Having enjoyed many years as a successful businessman, the tide began to turn for Job Collett at 6 a.m., January 24, 1882 when fire broke out in his shop, by then shared with the Bangor Edge Tool Co. operated by C.A. and J.H. Peavey—inventors and manufacturers of the world famous Peavey logging tool.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq1FnKat9jHJ87hB7FB78xNXCKrZqEu2q9dAHSGvtVHVv4tEsjFWBCU0xzt99m39pEQNwA8it308AVbpYSA9KsuwgEiS310Bn95fv6IYuaDCCW5Z-LyVFAy3SAL7PflZNQuPHXl2poww0/s1600/exchangestreet2.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 250px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq1FnKat9jHJ87hB7FB78xNXCKrZqEu2q9dAHSGvtVHVv4tEsjFWBCU0xzt99m39pEQNwA8it308AVbpYSA9KsuwgEiS310Bn95fv6IYuaDCCW5Z-LyVFAy3SAL7PflZNQuPHXl2poww0/s320/exchangestreet2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5492420133437737458" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:verdana;font-size:78%;" >Exchange Street, ca. 1895, from the corner of York Street. The red arrow marks the sign for Bangor Edge Tool Co. located at 53 & 55 Exchange Street. The Job Collett File Factory was housed at 35 Exchange Street, in one of the store fronts closer to the viewer in this photo. From the collections of the Bangor Public Library. Cat. No. G-91 974.131.A78. Used with permission.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >According to <span style="font-style: italic;">The Whig</span>, the fire was discovered by an engineer of the Bangor Edge Tool Co., upon reporting for work at 6 a.m. The fire originated in the grinding room used as a sawing and stock turning room and was suggested to be “the work of an incendiary.” Two rooms and the contents were destroyed, including the Tool Company’s lathes, belts, saws and the File Factory’s grinders. Equipment located in an adjoining blacksmith shop was moderately damaged. Losses for Job were estimated at $500 with no insurance coverage while Bangor Edge Tool Co. lost $1500 worth of insured equipment. Though <span style="font-style: italic;">The Whig</span> hinted at nefarious origins of the fire, no specific conclusions of an investigation were ever reported.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >With neither son apparently having an interest in taking over the family business, Job’s file factory began a steady decline following the fire while the Bangor Edged Tool Co. quickly recovered and continues in operation 128 years later as Hand & Edged Tool Manufacturing in Bangor, with three employees and annual sales estimated at $160,000.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >In October 1882, more trouble arose when on a trip to Howland, Job Collett took seriously ill. According to the October 2, 1882 edition of <span style="font-style: italic;">The Whig</span>, “Yesterday morning his wife received a dispatch saying that he was dangerously ill and requesting her to come immediately with a physician, and she started at once in company with Dr. Jewell. We are unable to learn the cause of his illness but hope it may prove less serious than at first appeared, and that he may be speedily restored to health.”</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >This episode was the start of a long series of illnesses for Job that apparently inspired him to turn his attention from the file cutting business to launch Job Collett’s <span style="font-style: italic;">Electrine</span>, the Great Neuralgic and Rheumatic Remedy, in January 1887. Sold by A. M. Robinson, Jr. at No. 1 Granite Block for 50-cents per bottle, Job Collett’s <span style="font-style: italic;">Electrine</span> was for external application. Advertisements run from 1887 through 1888, promoting the patent medicine as </span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >“</span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >curing rheumatism, neuralgia, headache, backache, kidney troubles, diarrhea and all aches and pains by outward application.</span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >” The venture failed to thrive.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Troubles for the businessman continued when, in November 1887, a 100-pound grindstone at the jail workshop used by the File Factory for grinding files, “flew off just after the machinery had been started, it running slowly at the time, and struck a slight, temporary partition a few feet distant breaking it down. It then flew back against the wall. The shock threw the stone out of position and the belt of the machinery came off striking a workman named J.E. Meaghan and knocking him down. His head was somewhat bruised by the fall but he was only slightly injured.” The incident resulted in $25 worth of damages.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Despite his efforts to restore his health through patent medicine, Job’s decline continued. On April 21, 1892, <span style="font-style: italic;">The Whig</span> reported, “The many friends of Mr Job Collett, who has been so long confined to his house by illness, were glad to see him able to ride out yesterday.” The recovery was short-lived, however, and two years later, Job Collett died on July 26, 1894. His obituary ran in the July 27 edition of <span style="font-style: italic;">The Whig</span>:</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><blockquote style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Mr. Job Collett, a well known and highly respected citizen of Bangor passed away yesterday afternoon at his residence on the corner of Center and Somerset streets and the announcement will be received with sorry by his many friends in this city and elsewhere.<br /><br />During the past five years Mr. Collett had been in poor health, resulting from several attacks of pneumonia and the grip but the immediate cause of his death was a shock of paralysis which he experienced Tuesday morning.<br /><br />The deceased was born in Melksham, Wiltshire Co, about 10 miles from the cilty of Ball England, May 26, 1828 and was consequently 69 years and 2 months of age.<br /><br />At the age of one year he came to the United States with his parents who located in New Haven, Conn. and went from there to Lowell, Mass. He came to Bangor in 184-. He was for a time in company with his brother Thomas in the file cutting business and afterwards with Mr. Woodbury but that said he became sole proprietor.<br /><br />During his long and honorable business career of nearly fifty years he was located on Exchange Street. He was a successful businessman and at the same time made an excellent reputation for square dealing in his transactions. He was a sterling citizen and all respected and esteemed him for his many high qualities.<br /><br />In politics he was an earnest Republican and ably served in the Common Council and as a member of the city committee of his party for a number of years. He was a Knight Templar, a member of Penobscot Lodge of Odd Fellows and of Katahdin Encampment and one of the charter members of the Mellta Club.<br /><br />He was genial, generous and kind-hearted; a devoted husband and loving father. He was twice married and his second wife who was Miss Elizabeth Sawyer, survives him. He also leaves two sons, Charles and Eugene and a daughter, Mrs. [Lin?]wood C. Tyler to mourn his loss.<br /><br />They will have the deepest sympathy of a host of friends of their bereavement.<br /><br />The funeral will occur next Tuesday but the hour has not as yet been definitely determined upon. It will be announced later.</span></blockquote><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >And on August 2, 1894:</span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br /></span><blockquote style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;">The funeral services of the late Mr. Job Collett were held yesterday afternoon at 2:30 o’clock at his late residence on the corner of Center and Somerset streets and there was a large number present. The floral offerings, which were profuse and beautiful, included designs from St. John’s Commandery, Knights Templar, the Odd Fellows and the Mellta Club, to which he belonged. Rev. Charles H. Cutler of the First Parish church officiated and Mrs. W.A. Nelson sang several appropriate selections. The bearers were Messrs Charles F. Collett, H. Eugene Collett, Jacob Collett, L.C. Tyler, John Sawyer, and William Sawyer. Col. C.V. Crossman had charge of the funeral arrangements. The interment was at Mt. Hope.</span></blockquote><span style="font-size:85%;"><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLs_Cshnve6qJb4j_Bj3BFU3b5YFdFCcePpZW4tjIR_7BVVttzc3aNH2DTr7SG7FwIuQ7j1oUsnLQPhvYajkqQ5uzx9x9iCi-QzB8ftsS2RoHC3X3YrgP5SBrb31iysMStWKH-iPCnQcc/s1600/exchangestreet2010.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLs_Cshnve6qJb4j_Bj3BFU3b5YFdFCcePpZW4tjIR_7BVVttzc3aNH2DTr7SG7FwIuQ7j1oUsnLQPhvYajkqQ5uzx9x9iCi-QzB8ftsS2RoHC3X3YrgP5SBrb31iysMStWKH-iPCnQcc/s320/exchangestreet2010.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5492418860974330034" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:verdana;font-size:78%;" >Photo of the corner of Exchange and York Streets in Bangor in July 2010 showing the Nichols Block built in 1892. </span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Even prior to Job Collett’s d</span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >eath, the building he constructed in 1857 was replaced by the Nicols Block in 1892; a structure th</span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >at survived the Great Bangor Fire of 1911 and still stands on the corner of Exchange and York streets.<br /><br />In March 1898, the storefront that long served as Job’s file factory was taken over by a printing business, removing all evidence of a half-century of operation. Snarking at the newest competitor in their midst, <span style="font-style: italic;">The Whig</span> editors lamented the obliteration of Collett’s former signage and memory and speculated in the March 31 edition, “Whether or not Mr. Printing will succeed in gaining as enviable a reputation as Mr. Collett established in years gone by remains to be seen.”</span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" > Unknown to them at the time, <span style="font-style: italic;">The Whig</span> would in 1900, merge with Mr. Printing and become one with the <span style="font-style: italic;">Bangor Daily News</span>, established and first housed on Exchange Street and still in publication today.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Memories in Stone</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >With the story of Job Collett now known, what can be concluded in regard to the identity of the man from the grave markers in the family plot?</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Of significance is the fact that Job knew, served on city committees with, and was a member of fraternal organizations with Simon P. Bradbury, who operated S.P. Bradbury, the most prominent of at a number of monument companies simultaneously operating in the city of Bangor during Job’s lifetime. Specializing in marble gravestones and tablets, one example of Bradbury’s marble work is the marker of Deborah L. Ulmer (pictured below) located in Corinthian Cemetery, Corinth, Maine, where the maker name, “Bradbury Co, Bangor” is clearly visible. The design, like those of the Collett women and children, is distinctly Victorian.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmoxAZ4M-SYiEJ82hDsqui2Zd6yu6afsnukhQkS3hWLZt4dnXJ5Tr6dkKW2-MUyVlhiSOySHudknwnQgVNm1g4Td83pvEJkmca6yESyhantkJlqF2oyHvgu3qBfl7f2lWULWDLdGYwI-I/s1600/debulmer.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 203px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmoxAZ4M-SYiEJ82hDsqui2Zd6yu6afsnukhQkS3hWLZt4dnXJ5Tr6dkKW2-MUyVlhiSOySHudknwnQgVNm1g4Td83pvEJkmca6yESyhantkJlqF2oyHvgu3qBfl7f2lWULWDLdGYwI-I/s320/debulmer.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5492416070700417218" border="0" /></a></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Being as Job and Bradbury were follow businessmen and brothers in fraternal orders, a strong circumstantial case can be built for S.P. Bradbury Co. likely being the source of the three marble markers on the Collett lot. Since each stone </span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >specificly </span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >identifies relationship ties to Job, described in his obituary as “genial, generous and kind-hearted; a devoted husband and loving father,” I will argue that the sentimental stones were selected by Job, himself, to commemorate the women and children, and represent his own sense of loss and mourning. Why the choice of a rustic stump marker for Julia and Jennie in distinction to the infants’ gravestone and his mother’s marker, remains a mystery.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >The stark contrast between the sentimental, Gothic Revival Victorian stones and the authoritative Classic Revival design of Job’s own stone, as well as the G.A.R. flag holder appearing beside his foot marker, I feel can be directly attributed to Col. Christopher V. Crossman, 1st Maine Heavy Artillery and Commander of the G. A. R. — B. H. Beal Post, No. 12 who was, according to Job's obituary<span style="font-style: italic;"></span>, in charge of funeral arrangements. With this information teased out of the record, the startling juxtaposition of sentiment and authority in the Collett lot is less surprising.<br /><br />Indeed, it is likely two entirely separate personalities were involved in selecting the memorial pieces: that of Job in selecting the marble monuments, and that of C.V. Crossman, a best friend and military man who—like Job’s many male friends—esteemed and sought to preserve his reputation in choosing the rigid granite markers. Placement of an honorary G.A.R. flag holder was also likely directly brought about by Crossman and supported by Job’s friends who were also Civil War Veterans and sought to recognize him as a “brother” in death.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:verdana;font-size:78%;" ><br />Footnote</span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:78%;" ><br /><sup>1</sup>Simon P. Bradbury operated S.P. Bradbury, a stone cutting and monument company that was a significant provider of marble and granite headstones, monuments and tablets. The only display ad found, to date, for S.P. Bradbury appeared in the May 12, 1852 edition of the Bangor Whig and Courier, promoting the arrival of 3000 feet of Italian and American marble “of very superior quality.”<br /><br />Son Edgar H. Bradbury was born in Bangor in 1843, married Susan Hovey Trask and relocated to Chicago as secretary of the Gowen Marble Co., 1870-78. He then established a wholesale marble business in St. Louis. 1878 as E. 11. Bradbury Marble Co.<br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:78%;" ><br /></span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:verdana;font-size:78%;" >References</span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:78%;" ><br /></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:78%;" >1860 U.S. census, population schedule. NARA microfilm publication M653, 1,438 rolls. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d. Year: 1860; Census Place: Bangor Ward 6, Penobscot, Maine; Roll M653_447; Page: 110; Image: 111; Family History Library Film: 803447. Ancestry.com. 1860 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2009. Images reproduced by FamilySearch.<br /><br />1870 U.S. census, population schedules. NARA microfilm publication M593, 1,761 rolls. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d. Year: 1870; Census Place: Bangor, Penobscot, Maine; Roll M593_552; Page: 197B; Image: 403; Family History Library Film: 552051. Ancestry.com. 1870 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2009. Images reproduced by FamilySearch.<br /><br />“A Big Grindstone Breaks.” The Bangor Daily Whig & Courier 7 November 1887. Microfilm.<br /><br />AllBusiness.com. “Hand & Edge Tool Mfg - Bangor, Maine,” retrieved July 10, 2010 from, http://www.allbusiness.com/companyindex/Maine/Bangor/Hand_and_Edge_Tool_Mfg/F3BF3765CFEADD214330A8941ECCDE9B-1.html<br /><br />Fisher, Joy, contributor. Penobscot County ME Archives History – Businesses – City Of Bangor 1883 , retrieved July 10, 2010 from, http://files.usgwarchives.net/me/penobscot/directories/business/1883/cityofba425gms.txt<br /><br />“Funeral Services of the lat Mr. Job Collett.” The Bangor Daily Whig & Courier 1 August 1894. Microfilm.<br /><br />Harris, Cyril M., ed. Illustrated Dictionary of Historic Architecture. Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 1983. Print.<br /><br />Lettering in Marble. Vermont Marble Co. The Barta Press, Cambridge, n.d. Digital.<br /><br />Marquis, Albert Nelson, ed. The Book of St. Louisans: A Biographical Dictionary of Leading Living Men of the City of St. Louis and Vicinity. 2nd Ed. A.N. Marquis & Company, Chicago, 1912. Print.<br /><br />“Mrs. Job Collett met with quite a serious accident.” The Bangor Daily Whig & Courier 20 May 1887. Microfilm.<br /><br />Nonpopulation Census Schedules for Maine, 1850-1880. Microfilm. Maine State Archives, Augusta. Ancestry.com. Selected U.S. Federal Census Non-Population Schedules, 1850-1880 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Web.<br /><br />“Obituary: Mr. Job Collett.” The Bangor Daily Whig & Courier 27 July 1894. Microfilm.<br /><br />“Serious Illness of Job Collett, Esq.” The Bangor Daily Whig & Courier 2 October 1882. Microfilm.<br /><br />“State vs Fred McKenney.” The Bangor Daily Whig & Courier 7 February 1870. Microfilm.<br /><br />Tenth Census of the United States, 1880. (NARA microfilm publication T9, 1,454 rolls). Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29. National Archives, Washington, D.C. Ancestry.com and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 1880 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2010. 1880 U.S. Census Index provided by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Web.<br /><br />“The many friends of Mr. Job Collett.” The Bangor Daily Whig & Courier 21 April 1882. Microfilm.<br /><br />“The late Mr. Job Collett.” The Bangor Daily Whig & Courier 2 August 1894. Microfilm.<br /><br />“The old and well known place on Exchange Street.” The Bangor Daily Whig & Courier 31 March, 1898. Microfilm.<br /><br />“The rooms recently damaged by fire.” The Bangor Daily Whig & Courier 31 January 1882. Microfilm.<br /><br />Whitman, William E. S., ed. The Wealth and Industry of Maine for the Year 1873. 1st Annual Report. Sprague, Owen & Nash, Augusta. 1873. Print.<br /><br />“Yesterday’s Fire: Frost-Bitten Firemen Fighting the Flames.” The Bangor Daily Whig &<br />Courier 25 January 1882. Microfilm.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span>Kimberly J. Sawtellehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14205580201786739150noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2946431107826506110.post-59035404981539437592010-06-12T07:53:00.000-07:002010-06-12T08:43:58.737-07:00In Memoriam: Francis H. Duffy & Bridget Ann Loftus Duffy<span style="font-size:85%;"><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt6WGePDJk17O7dSNvfE-ydPnvffjVY4c-J-As6GQj1ZtgOXgsIFtLcHnwur-_aY9IIdgVYUy2TI8L8MNxqGbt8chgJkBNAv_0DTSsUnc5uYMchrUklcL9bPa9OcHFxgONvbvWAc4ayko/s1600/Picture+2.png"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 182px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt6WGePDJk17O7dSNvfE-ydPnvffjVY4c-J-As6GQj1ZtgOXgsIFtLcHnwur-_aY9IIdgVYUy2TI8L8MNxqGbt8chgJkBNAv_0DTSsUnc5uYMchrUklcL9bPa9OcHFxgONvbvWAc4ayko/s320/Picture+2.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5481902134976604722" border="0" /></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">The June 2010 GYR “scavenger hunt” blog carnival prompted me to start my own scavenger hunt for information about the people who lay beneath some of my favorite gravestones. My interest in grave stone research began with the question of how individual identity is depicted in a public space through grave stones and memorials but until now, I hadn’t sprung the cash necessary to access some of the more extensive online archives in a search for answers.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">My birthday gift to myself this year was membership in Ancestry.com© which has given me access to volumes of information including census information, city directories, military records and digitized microfilm of the <span style="font-style: italic;">Bangor Daily Whig & Courier</span> newspaper. This has afforded me an opportunity to conduct primary research from the comfort of my home office during hours that the physical archives of the Bangor Public Library, University of Maine Special Collections, Maine Historical Society, Maine State Archives, and the Bangor Museum and History Center are not available.<br /><br />In this “In Memoriam” series of blogs, I will start with only photographs of grave stones I find interesting or attractive—owing exclusively to my own personal taste—and do my best to search out information about the identity of the individual or individuals memorialized in a quest to answer how individual identity is depicted in the public space of a cemetery.</span><br /><br /><hr /><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfumisI-MlR90ywBqCa5bnKSvc1vhfgd_YhV5sZOvFE3n_Z8-8B-PLAKB7KQcfziK-Oz9PGM7kcPTw671ZuGUmf8QJIjfH1ebi5A2qhTf9Ji1vtC00oPruIMfEpYKnOLa5ygUfRbw41c8/s1600/Picture+1.png"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 193px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfumisI-MlR90ywBqCa5bnKSvc1vhfgd_YhV5sZOvFE3n_Z8-8B-PLAKB7KQcfziK-Oz9PGM7kcPTw671ZuGUmf8QJIjfH1ebi5A2qhTf9Ji1vtC00oPruIMfEpYKnOLa5ygUfRbw41c8/s320/Picture+1.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5481901203458830626" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Francis H. Duffy and his wife Bridget A. Duffy</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">This white marble grave marker, located in Mt. Pleasant Catholic Cemetery, Bangor, Maine, depicts a combination of architectural features from the Gothic revival movement that started in the 18th and culminated in the 19th Century in America. The impact of Gothic revival in Bangor can still be seen in the architecture of buildings surviving from the mid-19th Century. As lumber barons and merchants cultivated their wealth, elaborate homes built in the latest architectural styles became a means of telegraphing business success, affluence and social standing. So the question becomes, does this broadcasting of success through architecture translate to gravestones that feature popular architectural styles of the era?</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">The well-carved Duffy stone depicts an unusual combination of Carpenter Gothic-style wings framing a lancet (blind) arch, supported by Byzantine-style Corinthian columns with acanthus leaf capitals. The apex of the arch is ornamented with a trefoil, theoretically symbolic of the Holy Trinity. The names of the dead are located within an arched door that features bilateral notches appearing mid-way in the doorjamb.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Above the arched door, the stone features an intricately carved floral arrangement that includes not only a sheaf of wheat—symbolic of full harvest and resurrection—and a fern frond—symbolic of sincerity—but also two delicately executed Iris blooms. The Iris blooms, if interpreted as fleur-de-lis can represent love and passion. As Iris, the flowers are symbolic of protection. While I have seen many similar stones depicting either ferns or wheat, this is the only stone I’ve found to date that combines these three symbols in such a fresh, energetic and flowing, almost living, artistic arrangement. Certainly execution of the carving itself is owed to the craftsman who wielded the chisel, but what does the stone communicate about the individuals interred below?</span><br /><br /></span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Who were Francis H. and Bridget A. Duffy?</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">As any genealogist can tell you, learning details about the lives of women in the printed record is difficult as emphasis in the earliest centuries of American history was placed on men and men’s activities. As a result, the information I cite here about Bridget Ann Loftus Duffy is in relation only to her marriage to Francis H. Duffy.</span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicEMP74-ISjAVFrTopsySs6rc9TADacwziY9gX2AYJVBoMUvQLGvFS_tUav1_urBArKWLBQy3vJ8pIVCWEIgSw_fg2OTdYQFQZfeVSJORIxhUAErStnxeYvP7AKJgfo4srvM846KMfSTI/s1600/irishcounties.gif"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 249px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicEMP74-ISjAVFrTopsySs6rc9TADacwziY9gX2AYJVBoMUvQLGvFS_tUav1_urBArKWLBQy3vJ8pIVCWEIgSw_fg2OTdYQFQZfeVSJORIxhUAErStnxeYvP7AKJgfo4srvM846KMfSTI/s320/irishcounties.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5481904358165744546" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Francis H. Duffy was born in 1828 in Ireland, the son of Patrick Duffy and his wife, Bridget A. Francis’ father, Patrick, was born in County Monaghan, Ireland. His mother, Bridget, was born in County Mayo, Ireland. The small family of three immigrated to the United States, arriving July 7, 1835 in Passamoquoddy, ME when Francis was age 12. In 1835, the route for Irish immigrating to Bangor was by foot along the Airline Road, now known as Route 9.<sup>1</sup> On April 23, 1868, Francis became a Naturalized American citizen.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">On August 3, 1846 at the age of 18, Francis married Bridget Ann Loftus, also age 18, in Bangor. Bridget Ann Loftus was born in Ireland and immigrated to the United States. Three years later, the couple gave birth to their first child, Mary Ann Duffy, on September 10, 1849. The child died on February 10, 1885, during a trip to Ohio. A complete list of the Duffy children follows:</span><br /><br /></span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Children:</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Mary Ann Duffy, born Sept. 10, 1849; died Feb. 10, 1885 in Ohio</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Thomas Duffy, </span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:verdana;"> born </span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">1851, Bangor</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Edward A. Duffy, </span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:verdana;"> born </span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Feb. 28, 1855, Bangor; died Aug. 12, 1890, in Seattle Washington</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">William Duffy, </span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:verdana;"> born </span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">1857, Bangor, died Aug. 12, 1890</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Margaret Duffy, </span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:verdana;"> born </span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">1859, Bangor</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Isabella Duffy, </span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:verdana;"> born </span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">1859, Bangor</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">George F. Duffy, </span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:verdana;"> born </span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Mar. 16, 1866, Bangor</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Charles Duffy, </span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:verdana;"> born </span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">April 6, 1868, Bangor</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Frank Duffy, </span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:verdana;"> born </span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">August 1878, Bangor</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">According to the 1850 United States Federal Census, Francis Duffey [<span style="font-style: italic;">sic</span>] was then age 22, living in Bangor with wife Bridget Duffey [<span style="font-style: italic;">sic</span>], age 21, Mary A. Duffey [<span style="font-style: italic;">sic</span>], age 2, born 1848 in Maine and Ellie O’Hara, age 17, born about 1833 in Ireland. Duffy’s occupation was listed as “gardener” in 1850 census and all subsequent years of the United States Federal Census in which his name appears. In 1850, his holdings were valued at $400, and both Duffy and Bridget were identified as being able to read and write. By 1870, Duffy’s holdings increased to $2000 and his household retained Isabella Morrissey, age 14, as a domestic servant, while the Duffy children Edward, William, Isabella and Ellen all attended school.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Exploration of the <span style="font-style: italic;">Bangor Daily Whig & Courier</span> quickly revealed that Francis Duffy was not simply a gardener, but was a horticulturalist and founding member, officer and executive committee member of the Bangor Horticultural Society. Duffy’s gardening business was, in reality, a profitable greenhouse located on Court Street in Bangor. Duffy advertised his greenhouse with prominent listings appearing annually in the <span style="font-style: italic;">Whig and Courier</span> during the late winter, early spring months.</span><br /><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVidVE2ExI0tE2WdFgBu4o4LxGQ8tLkLlXEOO06NdkPOBkcAXxgfmhM3gAsMu_Ik3rGXZzLmZeUtX3GkUryY6TyLcae7-oQO-lWX1NGo6XZkuuZIwzWuCZeSSaHNkRcWcH-LMSHsHuDQ0/s1600/Picture+4.png"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 286px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVidVE2ExI0tE2WdFgBu4o4LxGQ8tLkLlXEOO06NdkPOBkcAXxgfmhM3gAsMu_Ik3rGXZzLmZeUtX3GkUryY6TyLcae7-oQO-lWX1NGo6XZkuuZIwzWuCZeSSaHNkRcWcH-LMSHsHuDQ0/s320/Picture+4.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5481900730670692434" border="0" /></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">The advertisements appear nearly identical year after year, with line art illustration of a pedestal garden urn and the headline: MAY DAY At Court Street Green House. F. H. Duffy will hold a Ticket Sale of Choice and Valuable Plants, on May 1st. Tickets shall be numbered so as to correspond with the numbers on the pots, which will give every one a fair chance to draw one plant, but in addition to that I shall put up three large Prizes. The first shall consist of eight plants, the second six and the third four. The plants, which I shall offer, will consist of Azalea indicas, Cinerarias, Fuchsias, Geraniums, Heliotropes, Moss Roses, many varieties, Salvias, Antirrhinums, Bengal, Tea, and many other very choice Roses. Also, fifty choice Prairie Roses, with many other fine plants. No Verbenas, Pansies, Daisies or Cheap Plants, will be offered in this sale. Tickets 25 cents. Green House open at 5 o clock and will keep open all day. Francis H. Duffy, Florist.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">As a member of the Bangor Horticultural Society, in September 26, 1861, Duffy exhibited his skills as a gardener and florist, winning in contests for the best and largest display of first premium vegetables, $5.00 prize; best two nectarines, $2.00 prize; largest squash, .50 prize.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">By 1900, the Duffy children were marrying and moving on. Oldest son Thomas gained early work as a joiner while daughter Elizabeth married Thomas F. Conners, born in New Brunswick, who worked as a moulder and founder. In the 1900 census, the Duffy household included only Francis and Bridget, both recorded as age 72, and bachelor son Frank whose occupation was listed as “gardener.” As Frank took over the Court Street Green House, Francis retired, being listed as “unemployed” for three months at the time of the census.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Two years later, Bridget would die in March 1902. As Bridget preceded him in death, one can speculate that it was in fact, Francis who selected the white marble gravestone that now stands in Mount Pleasant Cemetery. Would it then be Francis who identified with the luxuriant style of the Gothic revival stone or did he choose the style to reflect Bridget’s own taste? Almost certainly, Francis, a knowledgeable horticulturalist, can be credited with the choice of the elegant, eternal floral arrangement and the symbolism of wheat, ferns and Iris. On December 24, 1908, Francis followed his Bridget to the grave and the stone he selected to memorialize both their lives, thankfully free from vandalism, still serves its quiet duty 102 years later.</span><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;"><sup>1</sup>Mundy, James H. 1990. <span style="font-style: italic;">Hard Times, Hard Men: Maine and the Irish 1830-1860</span>. Scarborough, ME: Harp Publications.</span><br /><br /></span>Kimberly J. Sawtellehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14205580201786739150noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2946431107826506110.post-87007914625365481542010-06-10T16:35:00.000-07:002010-06-15T16:07:21.879-07:00July 2010 Graveyard Rabbits Carnival: Scavenger Hunt<span style="font-size:85%;"><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizAAZwd1bp9VYIoTFoFgk3iaNoWsmIUlqY480k11TQqvVG8cN9VDQEFmjoykxynDj5TYBKUVAnVWTHXCseNddOEFWc8v69Obsmk-C8cG6ZdLbcjO6dCJnrwlm1mcJYaSCpmnNOSizOc9Y/s1600/titlepic.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 216px; height: 288px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizAAZwd1bp9VYIoTFoFgk3iaNoWsmIUlqY480k11TQqvVG8cN9VDQEFmjoykxynDj5TYBKUVAnVWTHXCseNddOEFWc8v69Obsmk-C8cG6ZdLbcjO6dCJnrwlm1mcJYaSCpmnNOSizOc9Y/s320/titlepic.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5481296797736520066" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;">1. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Cross. </span>This particular style of rustic cross can be found in Mt. Pleasant Cemetery, Bangor, ME and are attributed by local folklore to a single gravestone dealer, Rogan's Memorials. My research on these stones is ongoing.<br /><br />It's all about the lens flare.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifpr-rec-sNwNa7tTCIyJrxCAsy6b2m_BOURF0lb2EZHBIuVt5IE2CnXP_eVNovJ27zd__fd6B6N-UhWe1IG4RewrbTsj0SmyhtbUWC0NG1l6DlBHwcN2MOov1c_o6-N5b4f2JqLJ8qC8/s1600/heart.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifpr-rec-sNwNa7tTCIyJrxCAsy6b2m_BOURF0lb2EZHBIuVt5IE2CnXP_eVNovJ27zd__fd6B6N-UhWe1IG4RewrbTsj0SmyhtbUWC0NG1l6DlBHwcN2MOov1c_o6-N5b4f2JqLJ8qC8/s320/heart.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5481296317657751138" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;">2. <span style="font-weight: bold;"> Heart.</span> A granite, conjoined heart commemorating the tragic loss of the Frost siblings, Michael A., Jr, Sept. 10, 1998-Sept. 10, 2002 and his little sister, Linda J., May 9, 2000 to Sept. 10, 2002. The children died as the result of a fire in their home in Harmony, Maine. The grave, which features a portrait of the children together, is located in West Ripley Cemetery.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDXtkNE1sUFAmYeQdRxVOkkz5pdGyo1Er_YIS8mpwa7x4Zctju0nufV8Hp8Lc5_8K_utt-VqUy-7TBPAMxlrdfkFj0R2s4iAPa_SBDSJFB7zviZYOHRKEFwIf50qg8o_iBgW9CYwfbqCU/s1600/frat.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDXtkNE1sUFAmYeQdRxVOkkz5pdGyo1Er_YIS8mpwa7x4Zctju0nufV8Hp8Lc5_8K_utt-VqUy-7TBPAMxlrdfkFj0R2s4iAPa_SBDSJFB7zviZYOHRKEFwIf50qg8o_iBgW9CYwfbqCU/s320/frat.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5481296120052878658" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;">3. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Fraternal symbol.</span> A cast aluminum flag holder depicting the emblem of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks of the United States of America. Gold is an official color of the group, signifying “the rich blessings and material means” that members share with “those less fortunate.”</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaN9JIGcAiYUt9zda7GjJ0qb-FHFxYJadgdoaTbPvjL0ymx0SFBn3CMZzwOo88ckco1zfNQoQgDkwEY854bBQw_6FZzvQTKeDByu_mtSWZ9Nqvs0HVRBoCAb4rCT_TtX9GME3PpZ0tEqc/s1600/monument.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaN9JIGcAiYUt9zda7GjJ0qb-FHFxYJadgdoaTbPvjL0ymx0SFBn3CMZzwOo88ckco1zfNQoQgDkwEY854bBQw_6FZzvQTKeDByu_mtSWZ9Nqvs0HVRBoCAb4rCT_TtX9GME3PpZ0tEqc/s320/monument.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5481295925262213554" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;">4. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Monument.</span> The Civil War memorial monument from Oak Grove Cemetery, Brewer, Maine. Designed with Italian marble and Frankfort granite by Hallowell Granite Company and S.P. Bradbury of Bangor, and made by S.P. Bradbury. Erected Fall of 1872 and dedicated May 30, 1873. In Memory Of The Citizen/Soldiers/Of Brewer Who Died/In Defence Of/Our Country/War Of/1861-65.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbG-OnY_oFoCR1R3RKZau3NdK-Rs3iIi8HkWkyXr01_BqUwVjG4rL-0zADvzbP9iaL5OkRedMUPXSSpTtB8kn5rfWCsPBU_YFakPAZIvC8HtudYohfGN5AtLoM_kbB3ZF_NzJijHq4ni0/s1600/flowers.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbG-OnY_oFoCR1R3RKZau3NdK-Rs3iIi8HkWkyXr01_BqUwVjG4rL-0zADvzbP9iaL5OkRedMUPXSSpTtB8kn5rfWCsPBU_YFakPAZIvC8HtudYohfGN5AtLoM_kbB3ZF_NzJijHq4ni0/s320/flowers.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5481295633144956850" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;">5. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Flower.</span> “She died in beauty, like the rose.” So reads the epitaph on the stone memorializing Rachel J, wife of Isaac Foster, Esq. Rachel died Oct. 7, 1838 at age 22 years, 1 month. The cabbage roses on her marker match those decorating the broken stone of Elizabeth P., wife of Isaac Foster, Esq. Hemlock Stream Cemetery, Argyle Township, Maine.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOPl8chqusv1ohyIyqvshjzW-KzRhkgPrsxzaIzocFq72gfGH6hUolz5vHH0mKT3Hw1D2RbcwaO3dVxIFVAQyNTTMgwcKFFVmhrtwvWSSWcyXzTULgRSgxCQ5Su1wiFaYd4GTmzWtMlXg/s1600/hand.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOPl8chqusv1ohyIyqvshjzW-KzRhkgPrsxzaIzocFq72gfGH6hUolz5vHH0mKT3Hw1D2RbcwaO3dVxIFVAQyNTTMgwcKFFVmhrtwvWSSWcyXzTULgRSgxCQ5Su1wiFaYd4GTmzWtMlXg/s320/hand.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5481295422834087426" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;">6. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Hand.</span> This combination of a hand holding an anchor atop a Bible and framed with laurel leaves appears in Jordan Cemetery, Harmony, Maine.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigU_khlq-YezG_flAT7mmY5yGbuiS4eSyyIXhpzQwmqzVG46phyddWeO6kxt0opDTbgVbCAdqWeSdin_8AQugbA83uOcRDzJwkHxTLA-xsQqH8OnzVmUrdrX2h0CJGJxhOLcljJNQ-scY/s1600/angel.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigU_khlq-YezG_flAT7mmY5yGbuiS4eSyyIXhpzQwmqzVG46phyddWeO6kxt0opDTbgVbCAdqWeSdin_8AQugbA83uOcRDzJwkHxTLA-xsQqH8OnzVmUrdrX2h0CJGJxhOLcljJNQ-scY/s320/angel.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5481295259797361970" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;">7. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Angel.</span> This Heavenly Angel seems utterly unimpressed with the duty of escorting Carrie W., wife of John S. Page and daughter of Enoch E & Elizabeth Brown to eternal life. Carrie died Aug. 28, 1871 at age 28 years and 8 months. The Angel one exudes an air of abject indifference even as she carries a scroll that reads, "Meet me." Or not. Whatever. Ireland Cemetery, Harmony, Maine.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixDgCxNlApE_ZBAFEqFKD180kcAtYfZ7J1cLP9aq7UFpDEyaJaUYYf0MuILa_n_33EDVuoevDG6qCTeLbGGbG3Tcwa872octRcnji926DrNHDDnk0aMpZI7BgE-Jvz0NgkXZEYTZQd8JI/s1600/bird.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixDgCxNlApE_ZBAFEqFKD180kcAtYfZ7J1cLP9aq7UFpDEyaJaUYYf0MuILa_n_33EDVuoevDG6qCTeLbGGbG3Tcwa872octRcnji926DrNHDDnk0aMpZI7BgE-Jvz0NgkXZEYTZQd8JI/s320/bird.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5481295053240049650" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;">8. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Bird.</span> Unlike so many bird images on stones, with broken wings or broken necks or just plain dead, this clearly live dove sits atop a small scroll-covered kern marking the grave of Harold V., son of H.V. and S. M. Furbush, 1915-1917. Kenduskeag Cemetery, Kenduskeag, ME.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2V25WDp0X8TYNBET3GwsOiGwa_tgzkeKBTyOiJesNueJwEA-LvqMRkEoy9Z6jgbjIfVr3pszLT4iLHU32aiBc8esDvU04nOjR2SUdSpmiIZHraj7-vmA1EuSKzCIi-8gBqmy3GXCg5CM/s1600/tree.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2V25WDp0X8TYNBET3GwsOiGwa_tgzkeKBTyOiJesNueJwEA-LvqMRkEoy9Z6jgbjIfVr3pszLT4iLHU32aiBc8esDvU04nOjR2SUdSpmiIZHraj7-vmA1EuSKzCIi-8gBqmy3GXCg5CM/s320/tree.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5481294892484843378" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;">9. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Tree.</span> At West Lubec Cemetery, Lubec, Maine, a low stone wall marks the boundaries of a substantially sized family lot with a single marked grave attended to by an eternal mourner. Cedar trees ring the interior of the stone wall at regular intervals providing a pastoral feel to the grave site.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm8W2refSvt4IHd2cl5wMnzQspM8d-pliLJLtsNDHeP4hlPcmg8B2FGp0IpWoqgHxKisk9V7i-DwnAH_66AG1PBLlsWh0BNGxr19w5tgVbJ9wqTSSGD2sBt4X9HDodqdePRPVe5ebfl8A/s1600/star.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm8W2refSvt4IHd2cl5wMnzQspM8d-pliLJLtsNDHeP4hlPcmg8B2FGp0IpWoqgHxKisk9V7i-DwnAH_66AG1PBLlsWh0BNGxr19w5tgVbJ9wqTSSGD2sBt4X9HDodqdePRPVe5ebfl8A/s320/star.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5481294652198151186" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;">10. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Star.</span> A cast aluminum American Legion flag stand marks the grave of a war veteran in Corinthian Cemetery, Corinth, Maine.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1SPt1YyU09I0RfBnq7qTwxQY2TnjKZiiSc7Insmr1u4cnkCIpkmQyb8eB4pjoW3g8AWrnWdkHpHyrJColWeaGl2UXMt9gZwhT0M0S2EJhfptYvWTAfN7cyBYf3JgraWtw_tSmK1GHAnU/s1600/obelisk.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1SPt1YyU09I0RfBnq7qTwxQY2TnjKZiiSc7Insmr1u4cnkCIpkmQyb8eB4pjoW3g8AWrnWdkHpHyrJColWeaGl2UXMt9gZwhT0M0S2EJhfptYvWTAfN7cyBYf3JgraWtw_tSmK1GHAnU/s320/obelisk.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5481294430336018610" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;">11. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Obelisk.</span> The Clement-Gerrish Cemetery in Kenduskeag, Maine is a small family cemetery typical of many that dot the rural Maine landscape. While this yard is well maintained, it is not unusual to stumble through to woods upon a cemetery with a large obelisk protruding from the overgrowth.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdmlI0mc-73TwEjFNozK6tnGM11A1Jae6Q2WIVyct8QIll2D7oBgTticMBwj85769TkKMSn9hcnEBVTPkq-mTA3msphnqvri0KV_OQF5-o4naMCKuryShOcbiVzWkU_9grPREqU0J5dSA/s1600/animal.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 275px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdmlI0mc-73TwEjFNozK6tnGM11A1Jae6Q2WIVyct8QIll2D7oBgTticMBwj85769TkKMSn9hcnEBVTPkq-mTA3msphnqvri0KV_OQF5-o4naMCKuryShOcbiVzWkU_9grPREqU0J5dSA/s320/animal.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5481294155631497426" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;">12. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Four-legged animal.</span> An anonymous elephant from Milford Cemetery, Milford, Maine. There is no obvious inscription for the occupant of the grave that is marked.<br /><br />Admit it; you were expecting a lamb or maybe a dog. To paraphrase Bullwinkle, “Hey, Rocky, watch me pull an elephant out of my hat.”<br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt0Zomrfqj116DVC2BLVnCUEEUUHJ2ThR5f-7W5_4k3IfeutfCckWszlla4fCv5F_rr_xpAgDXn93du6HCZBP-RuNXTCbWeoLNuf1b0YWZt7v_TWh_7J2aMtkHRXoMyJg2DmqQDviNy3k/s1600/tripp_hiram.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 183px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt0Zomrfqj116DVC2BLVnCUEEUUHJ2ThR5f-7W5_4k3IfeutfCckWszlla4fCv5F_rr_xpAgDXn93du6HCZBP-RuNXTCbWeoLNuf1b0YWZt7v_TWh_7J2aMtkHRXoMyJg2DmqQDviNy3k/s320/tripp_hiram.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5481293566007733858" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;">13. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Photo. </span> Hiram Tripp, 1849-1922, porcelain portrait tile of Tripp with two horses and a dog. The tack on the saddled horse shows examples of Canadian Plains-style/Ojibwe beadwork. Molson Cemetery, Molson, WA.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuoothHPgCt3Iv1xJ5QCI1TOgYuro2IeN9fSsYodA96aLqn3VDGouig51p8PAWCc7vBD-YKRyLbFdJiJAGJDyRTuRHwQWYI2ALHe_YP9YTIlNUEjA1zUgJNg5LZbFie1ws024nlhDVafc/s1600/military.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 218px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuoothHPgCt3Iv1xJ5QCI1TOgYuro2IeN9fSsYodA96aLqn3VDGouig51p8PAWCc7vBD-YKRyLbFdJiJAGJDyRTuRHwQWYI2ALHe_YP9YTIlNUEjA1zUgJNg5LZbFie1ws024nlhDVafc/s320/military.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5481293298651185138" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;">14. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Military Gravestone.</span> Joseph J., son of Joseph B. & Hannah Elder, of Co. E, 22 Regt. Me. Vols died at Bellefontaine, Ohio Aug 20, 1863, AEt. 20 ys. 4 ms. Originally of Corinna, Maine, Joseph J. Elder served the Union army as a musician.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSwIWMkV5dhG_HxNKS5HwxX337gCks-bRlKZlvMG8D-ykksqCBxwsFwR_-S4Bx5771cS-NaMn_6I94oEDJoZsae5a3O51b4MWAfPaA2VNrP-dFzumXBD1LnS3P_QOKKAhqOxnqcC0-oFQ/s1600/mausoleum.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSwIWMkV5dhG_HxNKS5HwxX337gCks-bRlKZlvMG8D-ykksqCBxwsFwR_-S4Bx5771cS-NaMn_6I94oEDJoZsae5a3O51b4MWAfPaA2VNrP-dFzumXBD1LnS3P_QOKKAhqOxnqcC0-oFQ/s320/mausoleum.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5481293093019953618" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;">15. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Mausoleum.</span> Cassidy mausoleum in winter. Mt. Pleasant Cemetery, Bangor, ME.</span>Kimberly J. Sawtellehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14205580201786739150noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2946431107826506110.post-41840175832259779402010-05-18T16:43:00.000-07:002010-05-18T18:30:54.651-07:00Gifts from the Heart: Homemade Monuments & Memorials<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpDdrwfsvLQAv9GOj5kTJXihWaw3yX5GONvskKR213D43M9_4LU5APReJ0cahoWmyfn5ocWrvzdJWGuLgmB2BZwj6c8T1OCAINq3fHgfyLRJS7WYWj6k0R14sTL9-LTPTHwpVBztx9b6Y/s1600/urnheart.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 293px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpDdrwfsvLQAv9GOj5kTJXihWaw3yX5GONvskKR213D43M9_4LU5APReJ0cahoWmyfn5ocWrvzdJWGuLgmB2BZwj6c8T1OCAINq3fHgfyLRJS7WYWj6k0R14sTL9-LTPTHwpVBztx9b6Y/s320/urnheart.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5472777501584220194" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">In July 1991, I was drawn to visit the grave of childhood friend, Kathy Frost, murdered by her husband in October 1987. If you ever watch the forensic shows on A&E that explore cold cases, you’ve probably seen her story. Kathy was a sweet, shy, retiring woman who met a monster through the lonely-heart classifieds. He took advantage of her, insured her life, then proceeded to drug and throw her off Otter Cliffs in Acadia National Park, shattering her body on the rocks 80-feet below. Investigations showed Kathy wasn’t the first of the man’s wives to fall victim to the same scheme.</span><span style="font-family:verdana;"><br /><br />As a reporter for a local weekly newspaper it was my job to put emotions aside, investigate and report on the death of a hometown girl. Though Kathy was murdered in 1987, it took me until 1991 to visit her grave site. My reporting days were finally behind me and it was time I paid my respects. </span><span style="font-family:verdana;"><br /><br />At that time, it had been a number of years since I’d visited any cemetery. As a child, I was taken along on my Mother’s genealogical scavenger hunts; wandering among gravestones while she documented names and dates. Each Memorial Day, my brothers and I were loaded into the car to visit and plant geraniums or pansies on various family graves. Growing up, I remember cemeteries as reverent locations—peaceful, somber, and sedate. Grave offerings were limited to a pansy or two for distant relatives and a geranium for more immediate family. Such was my frugal Yankee experience of paying respects to the dead.</span><span style="font-family:verdana;"><br /><br />Arriving at the cemetery to visit Kathy in 1991, I drove through the oldest section of the yard. It was neat and trim and everything I’d come to expect in a proper Maine cemetery. Imagine my surprise when a riot of color and overt ornamentation greeted me as I rolled slowly into the newer section of the graveyard. I was instantly struck by the flamboyance of mortuary decor that not only looked like—but was—yard art! Plastic, molded animal-shaped planters. Wind chimes. Whirly-gigs. Was that a ‘bend-over lady?’ Good Lord in Heaven! What was going on?</span><span style="font-family:verdana;"><br /><br />I immediately pulled out my camera and started documenting what I saw. As a budding anthropologist, my curiosity spiraled. I had to learn what was meant by such abundant ornamentation. At the time, I was less curious in the gravestones than the temporary memorial displays assembled by family and loved ones of the departed. </span><span style="font-family:verdana;"><br /><br />Pumped full of book learning, having returned to college to complete my undergraduate career only two years earlier, my brain buzzed around symbols as I attempted to establish patterns of behavior that could be documented, analyzed, and labeled. ‘How,’ I asked myself, ‘do “we” as a society depict individual identity in public space?’ I was certain this was the question on which to focus. </span><span style="font-family:verdana;"><br /><br />In the 20 years since I started my research, I have never been able to tease out a succinct answer to my original question. How does one separate the issue of individual self-identity from the interpretation of identity in a cemetery setting? The bottom line remains steadfast in my mind; unless an individual prepares for his or her own burial, selecting the monument, epitaph and plantings in perpetuity, such matters reside in the hands of the family and friends—those left behind for whom mortuary customs are about memorializing a loved one and commemorating the meaning of that individual’s life in relation to his or her own.</span><span style="font-family:verdana;"><br /><br />Over these 20 years, I’ve heard much lament about the cold, anonymous feeling of many of contemporary, urban cemeteries. The drab sameness of block granite stones with a central surname are said to have been birthed from the spirit of mechanized uniformity that lead to Allied victory in World War II and the subsequent mushrooming of tract housing across the American suburban landscape. Ease of mowing maintenance now regulates the style and height of stones and the what, if any, flowers or plantings are allowed. And so, it is to rural cemeteries that I turn these days to find memorials born from deep feelings of tragedy, loss, mourning and memory, as gifts from the heart.</span><span style="font-family:verdana;"><br /><br />Pulling again from my personal history, the first homemade stone I share here is the very first gravestone I ever visited—that of my elder sister, Sawtelle Baby.</span><br /><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr0d5hYl1eCSDhr_UkfYHf0f2hW155Q9tw8amKDBWwuRUrrYs7JAqJ-kRIXNpXWEjChhpvJNYiEzmBQqw2Jb9oKHa2vaxTsMN4U9jJi9yM3FJqv0TqKGM4PdcjKrAK7XaMVM4Ad_05Y-w/s1600/sawtelle_baby.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 208px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr0d5hYl1eCSDhr_UkfYHf0f2hW155Q9tw8amKDBWwuRUrrYs7JAqJ-kRIXNpXWEjChhpvJNYiEzmBQqw2Jb9oKHa2vaxTsMN4U9jJi9yM3FJqv0TqKGM4PdcjKrAK7XaMVM4Ad_05Y-w/s320/sawtelle_baby.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5472772207857411250" border="0" /></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">Sawtelle</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Baby</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Aug 1958</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Monson slate marker hand engraved by Elmer C. Sawtelle, my father, for his first-born; a baby girl who died of asphyxia when the umbilical cord wrapped around her neck at birth. Devastated by the loss of her child, my mother opted to not name the baby and my father created the only gift he would ever be able to give his infant daughter, a simple hand-carved stone to mark her grave. Crocker Cemetery, St. Albans, ME [07/04/2001 photo]</span><span style="font-family:verdana;"></span><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLFyTBC1XVKCSo1YxuskxnSOZws1EQQH7fH_3amqCaIqYdTMC7pSc6qA2nR2t2gxmpZkUW8Gcy7CGoieCMFkAmlLgwN2TVy715sDl6sDV_o7MPA62rcLnjLTTf8wKxsSscF4RMEMpu4NE/s1600/hills_josiah.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLFyTBC1XVKCSo1YxuskxnSOZws1EQQH7fH_3amqCaIqYdTMC7pSc6qA2nR2t2gxmpZkUW8Gcy7CGoieCMFkAmlLgwN2TVy715sDl6sDV_o7MPA62rcLnjLTTf8wKxsSscF4RMEMpu4NE/s320/hills_josiah.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5472771690231250882" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Josiah Hills</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Died Mar</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">23 x 1800</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Eadg 34 [</span></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >sic</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">]</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Primitively carved field stone marker at the grave of Josiah Hills in Bradford, ME. Field stone markers found in older, rural Maine cemeteries are typically uncarved and mark graves that were known only to family members who marked them. Today, the identities of souls so memorialized are lost to time. [Undated photo]</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFuC43mrvZRzPY00DKbDuqTM6oKOHK8XLd5XqAa4sqErvuaKejNowXq2GoiZoa2R7y1bcFur2QT15V7T-qAOG28BQXLOBsoX99ucnfmdhaOmw7RIfX8e6hpt9EE_nNi8nzUVygBFq1778/s1600/frost.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 185px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFuC43mrvZRzPY00DKbDuqTM6oKOHK8XLd5XqAa4sqErvuaKejNowXq2GoiZoa2R7y1bcFur2QT15V7T-qAOG28BQXLOBsoX99ucnfmdhaOmw7RIfX8e6hpt9EE_nNi8nzUVygBFq1778/s320/frost.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5472771049544748850" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">The Frost family plot in Dexter, ME, is a six person plot containing the burials of four individuals, grandparents Leslie and Madeline Frost and granddaughters Cindy Ann, who died in infancy, and Kathy Lynn, murdered by her husband in 1987. [07/27/1991 photo]</span><br /><br /><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtvEcdOdHCNQoMF0HWaZ2-pXBsTTqepYCBnNg-wpOEctLMIULUpWLizfr3OhAJqezu3u0zbEjI8k2cj-zyxfi0YKxs1tmEqV-sAR1aiF3PhcMgVnVMGnvEyV-JdH7sYJMKFCu6DT0qbsU/s1600/frost_kathy.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 235px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtvEcdOdHCNQoMF0HWaZ2-pXBsTTqepYCBnNg-wpOEctLMIULUpWLizfr3OhAJqezu3u0zbEjI8k2cj-zyxfi0YKxs1tmEqV-sAR1aiF3PhcMgVnVMGnvEyV-JdH7sYJMKFCu6DT0qbsU/s320/frost_kathy.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5472770814591528114" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">White crushed rock serves as a popular bedding material for burial plots across the country. Frequently, a plot may be surrounded with railroad ties and filled with crushed stone, reinforcing the boundaries of a family burial spot. [07/27/1991 photo]</span><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJeB4j75C03BpYVrcqOJvKsBJIbetsc3JBHp2aUyWlwOgAlt_yIYcO52AxMfU1XdiNW_NgpqSI78Edo_fZSYB__UHl31v0-qJ5TrfM51osYhQBMVd4Nf9u_2y-WPvx08Lw5N_A6O1FAp4/s1600/dad_mom.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 171px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJeB4j75C03BpYVrcqOJvKsBJIbetsc3JBHp2aUyWlwOgAlt_yIYcO52AxMfU1XdiNW_NgpqSI78Edo_fZSYB__UHl31v0-qJ5TrfM51osYhQBMVd4Nf9u_2y-WPvx08Lw5N_A6O1FAp4/s320/dad_mom.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5472769386019580658" border="0" /></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"><br />Dad and Mom</span><span style="font-family:verdana;"></span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">The identity of Dad and Mom is unknown at the time this photo was taken. Though the couple may have belonged to a near-by family marker, the orientation of the mortuary display in relation to the granite marker made it appear that the sites were unrelated. The display contained two, handmade, wooden window boxes that displayed an arrangement of silk and plastic artificial flowers. The identity of the burials is marked only with ornaments spelling out “DAD” and “MOM” in plastic flowers. </span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Mt. Pleasant Cemetery, Dexter, ME</span><span style="font-family:verdana;"> [05/29/2001 photo]</span></span><hr style="height: 2px;font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8PP6Qby0wz_w4KLgUewUKw3Bg9kmatMCh-pD2zChk71BDcMIlRh6AyFUlltIHykOnp1WMHA3VShVaPGoNXHjPejIL-UEe8vSXQoSiShXo99LrdWhhhdyOT4nBN_5Gtag_rF4So15fOzM/s1600/lowell_dale.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 227px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8PP6Qby0wz_w4KLgUewUKw3Bg9kmatMCh-pD2zChk71BDcMIlRh6AyFUlltIHykOnp1WMHA3VShVaPGoNXHjPejIL-UEe8vSXQoSiShXo99LrdWhhhdyOT4nBN_5Gtag_rF4So15fOzM/s320/lowell_dale.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5472768890122027330" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Dale Lowell</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">1961-1963</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Bronze temporary marker bolted to a cast concrete form. The marker is approximately the size of a five-gallon bucket and has a domed top. Lee Cemetery, Dover-Foxcroft, ME [08/24/2001 photo]</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-4F3Bx5XfhAF6s4OYetb7DFjg8AHKxHAjMb2ZRbemNEoMhDpdDwwJxdJXmzC0-cyKeQyE3V1bod-HV3zl811GkXyYNCoMlXiDIyBBGDqsm3P7VRZ4hTS5p-_A4le7x3NUzYE6d2PI3QY/s1600/wilkins_griststone.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-4F3Bx5XfhAF6s4OYetb7DFjg8AHKxHAjMb2ZRbemNEoMhDpdDwwJxdJXmzC0-cyKeQyE3V1bod-HV3zl811GkXyYNCoMlXiDIyBBGDqsm3P7VRZ4hTS5p-_A4le7x3NUzYE6d2PI3QY/s320/wilkins_griststone.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5472768165499726850" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Wilkins</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Grist stone marker</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Mt. Pleasant Cemetery, Dexter, ME</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">[04/19/2008 photo]</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Bronze plaque with the family name marking bolted to an old grist stone. The stone marks the gravesite of Helen Small Wilkins, April 16, 1913 to June 22, 2006. According to her obituary, published in TheDailyME online, Helen was part of the fifth generation to operate the Grist Mill in Dexter. Her husband, Clair G. Wilkins, February 15, 1912 to December 23, 1977, operated the Dexter Grist Mill for many years prior to his death. The gristmill now serves as home to the Dexter Historical Society.</span><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivUOCU6xzJIfTaZ6Vzz-5fGqAA6BvUm8uFsocCBfaPIjuhCjq97fW675JnH6N6NcUdknzwBml6vNC4baWtp4K8CehsdXsRqjODqemiDTDQxiB62zjI0J_U-0WhSh3Qpocb5iTTb1ur03M/s1600/pickering_dorian.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 178px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivUOCU6xzJIfTaZ6Vzz-5fGqAA6BvUm8uFsocCBfaPIjuhCjq97fW675JnH6N6NcUdknzwBml6vNC4baWtp4K8CehsdXsRqjODqemiDTDQxiB62zjI0J_U-0WhSh3Qpocb5iTTb1ur03M/s320/pickering_dorian.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5472767396056302130" border="0" /></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">Dorian D. Pickering (nameplate inscription)</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Dorian</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">1965-1997</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">(marker inscription)</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">The name and dates are fabricated using slot-head screws. An accompanying punched-brass nameplate is mounted on a black stone, possibly slate. Mountain View Cemetery, Loomis, WA [05/06/2003 photo]</span><br /><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJQGtLtR1xMEX9PJvXkRma0l40a1dTs3Uv7-V87rwGZXJvK-lL9rfdEuqnMjRptI8tQEFaIQAkYaSxCp8PW8Q8QWsW7Cj9jQrXLM6e4L60-s8DSAQQNjZFq9Ve8aIqSVOBqIl6U2cNVBw/s1600/pickering_detail.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 216px; height: 209px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJQGtLtR1xMEX9PJvXkRma0l40a1dTs3Uv7-V87rwGZXJvK-lL9rfdEuqnMjRptI8tQEFaIQAkYaSxCp8PW8Q8QWsW7Cj9jQrXLM6e4L60-s8DSAQQNjZFq9Ve8aIqSVOBqIl6U2cNVBw/s320/pickering_detail.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5472767222074154882" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Detail: Dorian Pickering’s homemade marker with a metal plate attached to a rectangular greenstone marker.</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqKIW5uyku-dsIdHAdXWy8mXpmSf5zIHxOBskh9bhqotRiiDK6IdvrnRvPPLWYmsFHDTXaxRFwc4NGuDitn3pv_tju6Q6ptj_ei6hz9BH6uKsTIMK_iVcotyrpWkbkkeOKuPO0yoyWzwk/s1600/lyons_raymond.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 288px; height: 264px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqKIW5uyku-dsIdHAdXWy8mXpmSf5zIHxOBskh9bhqotRiiDK6IdvrnRvPPLWYmsFHDTXaxRFwc4NGuDitn3pv_tju6Q6ptj_ei6hz9BH6uKsTIMK_iVcotyrpWkbkkeOKuPO0yoyWzwk/s320/lyons_raymond.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5472766832703957586" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Raymond Lyons</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">1898-1950</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Riverside Cemetery, Riverside, WA</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">[05/06/2003 photo]</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Marker made from a wire-spoke rim with an aluminum temporary grave marker bolted then welded to the wheel. The entire piece appears to have been over-painted with silver Rust-Oleum®.</span><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwTafiV-z7CNsEBMK3JtfqLqxwB80nC-yfz25F_WnkUNX3CTYkRFAroGgoOOzHIc3HpOMIhC6QcOuPnNciNYZ89P-ccfw9b3gqVqjvEHROVAlPtn4VQOpJGyIn_hM9sjpeiZenHB8AxTY/s1600/hoverson_helena.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 258px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwTafiV-z7CNsEBMK3JtfqLqxwB80nC-yfz25F_WnkUNX3CTYkRFAroGgoOOzHIc3HpOMIhC6QcOuPnNciNYZ89P-ccfw9b3gqVqjvEHROVAlPtn4VQOpJGyIn_hM9sjpeiZenHB8AxTY/s320/hoverson_helena.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5472765463949917906" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Helena Hoverson</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">1873-1939</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Bronze plaque bolted to a marker made from various stone, quartz and other mineral samples cast in concrete. Riverside Cemetery, Riverside, WA [05/06/2003 photo]</span><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1GVCoE6gGa6x7TenKMrIIumPSZaywEa2PFmrdMF5yEywZrBAEK9Nb1tQ1qaKOH78-tEv_LUB0zv55_XETV1humBRILEgGNEo0KuOMG10ociX3WIKMwrWU-03-Uux3yWYcL2NVnjnHHvw/s1600/chase.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 238px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1GVCoE6gGa6x7TenKMrIIumPSZaywEa2PFmrdMF5yEywZrBAEK9Nb1tQ1qaKOH78-tEv_LUB0zv55_XETV1humBRILEgGNEo0KuOMG10ociX3WIKMwrWU-03-Uux3yWYcL2NVnjnHHvw/s320/chase.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5472764683538547442" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Chase</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Undocumented, homemade concrete marker, Mt. Pleasant Cemetery, Dexter, ME. Form-cast concrete was painted white with silver paint used to highlight the surname and small pebbles used as decorative elements surrounding a china plate depicting praying hands. Primitive yellow rose buds are painted to the left and right of the central ornament. When the site of this marker was last visited in 2009, the memorial was no longer in place. [07/27/1991 photo]</span><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY7gOeIWgyJOJ5uusSxUSQQNIFlM5Al4MTxygsTWNz7zG3fxSZLwWH-ScCuNBgm4CHH8XkS4kEDqsTttbNAU-dn0iigcMtj-dGKCAb-L0P9Zp511rdrYbZoIv2sc4rQo3KP7hqh-VCRDA/s1600/farrar_ivan.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 214px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY7gOeIWgyJOJ5uusSxUSQQNIFlM5Al4MTxygsTWNz7zG3fxSZLwWH-ScCuNBgm4CHH8XkS4kEDqsTttbNAU-dn0iigcMtj-dGKCAb-L0P9Zp511rdrYbZoIv2sc4rQo3KP7hqh-VCRDA/s320/farrar_ivan.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5472764244655734882" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Farrar</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Ivan R.</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">1890-1960</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">E. Louise</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">His Wife</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">1895-1983</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Bronze plaque with names and dates bolted to a monument made of water-eroded stones embedded in concrete. West Ripley Cemetery, Ripley, ME [06/27/2001 photo]</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcZLYm2nrWpMz4jBicv47sYv4A__q5R7CqUMa3xPDzdAv16QOdhHBBAVGvuPbwuFx6yYedu03rCejyNBZQAdMBCpe7EZncLERxcHbm5zeDnbVP21qRjHHSxiGhWXGR0ZAPjafFecY5Y2g/s1600/woodard.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 230px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcZLYm2nrWpMz4jBicv47sYv4A__q5R7CqUMa3xPDzdAv16QOdhHBBAVGvuPbwuFx6yYedu03rCejyNBZQAdMBCpe7EZncLERxcHbm5zeDnbVP21qRjHHSxiGhWXGR0ZAPjafFecY5Y2g/s320/woodard.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5472763732157896994" border="0" /></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">Woodard</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Theresa M.</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">May 27, 1972</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Mar. 19, 1985</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Darrell A.</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Apr. 30, 1971</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Mar. 19, 1985</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">The Woodard children were tragically lost in an early morning trailer house fire March 19, 1985. Buried side-by-side, the graves are marked with a conjoined heart, laser-cut marker. In 1991, the heart theme was carried throughout the mortuary display with white stones forming the outline of a heart surrounding a Christian cross. Bright pink and blue silk flowers marked both sides of the display that included little boy and little girl angel figurines. [07/27/1991 photo]</span><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuMX_6c3W5X-er7zOYdRLWQG-s9Fbt1KY24vIFiHknjmnH86Rydm1WXHvdxkJVUZy9PZFlQGCYRMzzayt8REP1FQdMe41M3bDuwxupbobDGUsd5Xry_CjRTJZBuN1E6mvMHFFQuVPvwY4/s1600/Lacourse-Charlotte.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 214px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuMX_6c3W5X-er7zOYdRLWQG-s9Fbt1KY24vIFiHknjmnH86Rydm1WXHvdxkJVUZy9PZFlQGCYRMzzayt8REP1FQdMe41M3bDuwxupbobDGUsd5Xry_CjRTJZBuN1E6mvMHFFQuVPvwY4/s320/Lacourse-Charlotte.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5472762776812764066" border="0" /></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">My Beloved Wife</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Charlotte K. LaCourse</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">1938 – 1971</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Nespelem, WA</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">[05/15/2003 photo]</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Burial mound covered with a large, aluminum metal form. A pink granite headstone includes Christian symbolism and a porcelain portrait of the deceased. Cast into the concrete base securing the headstone is metal tubing that is bent to extend over the burial mound. A second curved piece of metal tubing is visible at the foot of the mound. The fixtures were not in use at the time of this photo but the placement suggests the fittings serve a display function for grave offerings.</span><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHLuW1lqClsWmHeVwgbrljFrHSJoM63ftuD_Mul5Cr4PD96E1v_-nAXlx26bsWh9czy0yVreInlf9QpcDMkGdWkpidMHflhzRcWEOMm-_CjPESYekCE_A4CRp1QZIOShsVjr-X2o9ZMlE/s1600/faulks_sula.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 214px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHLuW1lqClsWmHeVwgbrljFrHSJoM63ftuD_Mul5Cr4PD96E1v_-nAXlx26bsWh9czy0yVreInlf9QpcDMkGdWkpidMHflhzRcWEOMm-_CjPESYekCE_A4CRp1QZIOShsVjr-X2o9ZMlE/s320/faulks_sula.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5472762227720739698" border="0" /></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">A standard-issue, laser-engraved and black pigmeted granite foot maker is surrounded by an elaborate, homemade mortuary display. A large section of green indoor-outdoor carpeting covers a large grave plot, underlying a white picket fence. Eye-screws placed at a uniform level around the base of the fence exterior provides secure placement of white, pink and red artificial [silk] flowers. A variety of life-size plastic castings of small animals, such as rabbits and squirrels are carefully placed around the perimeter of the fence. A variety of cast, plastic birds including ducks, an owl and a pair of love-birds, are situated on perches that are secured through eye-screws along the interior of the fence. The day these photos were taken, an older gentleman was tending the gravesite, fluffing flowers and adding pieces to the display. [05/08/2003 photo]</span><br /><br /></span><style="height:><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1m0pcXBq-K-1cJMJ3CJ44rf_vs5zhjNQ7TWDyXxQJTpMy9avQH4-FZIAFDgOcSU1s4XJUftt8dNjlcFEqZWF6l9_tfsceQw9iYwq-cA82MMWv-cJxdnjgaowkFR3J74dVSzivmGfvBgc/s1600/faulks_sula2.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 206px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1m0pcXBq-K-1cJMJ3CJ44rf_vs5zhjNQ7TWDyXxQJTpMy9avQH4-FZIAFDgOcSU1s4XJUftt8dNjlcFEqZWF6l9_tfsceQw9iYwq-cA82MMWv-cJxdnjgaowkFR3J74dVSzivmGfvBgc/s320/faulks_sula2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5472761803167017858" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Loving Memories Last Forever</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Sula Christine Faulks</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">29 Nov. 1930- 31 Jul. 1989</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">I love you.</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Tunk Valley Cemetery, Riverside, WA</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">[05/08/2003 photo]</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px;font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI0xlpJDADvTPLz7DSCsIAvoCocpQHLHLD-VyGq6UwuR86g5-r7EMQEIEfTRONsxMotQ6d3wZPMgU_LndWReFO5IbyJVjxVrtzIoK7EQixItLkCyVheduS1PNrydQlzsyIrTOYoMbEfns/s1600/craven_tom.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 210px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI0xlpJDADvTPLz7DSCsIAvoCocpQHLHLD-VyGq6UwuR86g5-r7EMQEIEfTRONsxMotQ6d3wZPMgU_LndWReFO5IbyJVjxVrtzIoK7EQixItLkCyVheduS1PNrydQlzsyIrTOYoMbEfns/s320/craven_tom.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5472760994723141650" border="0" /></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">A large, elaborate masonry mortuary display memorializes Tom L. Craven and three other U.S. Forest Service firefighters from the Northwest Regulars #6 crew, killed in the Thirtymile Fire Disaster, 30 miles north of Winthrop, WA on July 10, 2001. The fire was started by a camper’s fire near the Chewuch River and burned 9300 acres before being brought under control. The deaths occurred because a water drop was held up by environmental concerns.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Killed in the fire were Devin Weaver, Jessica Johnson, Karen Fitz Patrick and Tom Craven. The only firefighter buried on site of the memorial is Tom Craven whose father was overseer/caretaker for the Blackminer’s Cemetery at the time of Tom Craven’s death. According to a May 20, 2003 interview with town historian, Nick Henderson, the memorial was tended daily by Craven’s mother and father and was continuing to expand. [05/19/2003 photo]</span><br /><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBRhF9y3CBCLruzrxWXiQQWnpJCmRmxa8L2bB81ODbWpFCebqBtiLpd2lcX5aRDFx2ZcXDcLBPIY9YYcdmN34YHZPn62mIQbij4igaLWm3X84Y2HTOWRJECiqkCzzC1gg__lWY5w1iNXk/s1600/craven_tom2.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 210px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBRhF9y3CBCLruzrxWXiQQWnpJCmRmxa8L2bB81ODbWpFCebqBtiLpd2lcX5aRDFx2ZcXDcLBPIY9YYcdmN34YHZPn62mIQbij4igaLWm3X84Y2HTOWRJECiqkCzzC1gg__lWY5w1iNXk/s320/craven_tom2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5472760507259181954" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Tom L. Craven</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Beloved Son, Husband, Brother</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Daddy & Friend</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">January 12, 1971 – July 10, 2001</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Crazy Crave</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Black Miner’s Cemetery (aka Mt. Olivet Cemetery) Roslyn, WA</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">[05/19/2003 photo]</span><br /><br /><br /></span></style="height:>Kimberly J. Sawtellehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14205580201786739150noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2946431107826506110.post-52319591984502120712010-04-17T06:41:00.000-07:002010-04-17T08:10:22.683-07:00News From the Front<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN7ODPLEEBabO2OxoJXM0YRYffq3B8Yj1ehWI7fEJLwdlk2yNiV0TpaN6z9sOEuWcWIusAsrs4hoI5GELSN5wdmengqPeoBZClc478mxRZLhoO4BcRd3ngiKwxUmDM8YeV6BeYcyXacEQ/s1600/GAR.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 288px; height: 288px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN7ODPLEEBabO2OxoJXM0YRYffq3B8Yj1ehWI7fEJLwdlk2yNiV0TpaN6z9sOEuWcWIusAsrs4hoI5GELSN5wdmengqPeoBZClc478mxRZLhoO4BcRd3ngiKwxUmDM8YeV6BeYcyXacEQ/s320/GAR.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461103566481467154" border="0" /></a></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >In the late 20th, early 21st Century, increased attention is being paid attention to the impact of war on the families of soldiers who serve, soldiers who are wounded and </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >soldiers who die.</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" class="Apple-converted-space" > </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Research suggests that the shared commonality of fear and separation from loved ones contributes to the construction of alternative community bonds—a sense of shared sacrifice, loss and survival, as well as the strengthening of common political and religious ideals.<sup>1</sup></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" class="Apple-converted-space" > </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br /><br /></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >The same might be said for families who struggled through the C</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >ivil War, when the war between the states lead to the disruption of nuclear family bonds by the long-term of service and the all too often, permanent separation by death.</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br /></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br />Evidence of this theory can be seen in the epitaphs of war dead from the Civil War era.</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" class="Apple-converted-space" > </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >While government-issued grave markers adhered to the standard of name, rank and unit, markers purchased and erected by families of the fallen often exhibit epitaphs that include the cause and/or the circumstances of death.<sup>2</sup></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" class="Apple-converted-space" > </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >One can theorize that this sharing</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" > of the intimate details of death was rooted in sorrow and mourning as well as pride and strong sense of shared familial, political, religious and community beliefs and fears at a time of war.</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" > In one instance illustrated here, the notation of wounds experienced during the Civil War on the gave of a surviving Veteran, points to the impact of this era as defining the lives and identities of many Americans.<br /><br />The following images of gravestones and memorials for Civil War veterans reveal a common theme; though circumstances may have varied, in all cases there was a common cause of death: War.</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9GxVp2Ianq-tgkUw0YXNgXc2CnIuu5o5K3nYjm_bFvROYYMHg9LN8rZW9We57Ghiu5zzw_yWP07Sevj9G-VIowf-cNWiqzvey1tjFXmsLtkJ84b_KtrI2DRmj16eDOlZuyOwSC3sMEKM/s1600/whitter.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9GxVp2Ianq-tgkUw0YXNgXc2CnIuu5o5K3nYjm_bFvROYYMHg9LN8rZW9We57Ghiu5zzw_yWP07Sevj9G-VIowf-cNWiqzvey1tjFXmsLtkJ84b_KtrI2DRmj16eDOlZuyOwSC3sMEKM/s320/whitter.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461106839670768370" border="0" /></a></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><b><br /><br /></b><p class="p1" style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Brothers in Arms & in Blood</b></span><br />Austin W. Whittier<br />A member of Co. H 1st Me Heavy Artillery<br />died at Philadelphia Pa.<br />Aug. 20, 1864,<br />of wounds received in battle at<br />Petersburg Va.<br />Æ. 18 yrs. 10 mos. 20 days.</p></span> <p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p1"><span style="font-size:85%;">Andrew J. Whittier<br />a member of Co. H. 6th Regt. Me. Vols.<br />died at Mt. Pleasant Hospital Washington<br />May 31, 1863,<br />of wounds received at Fredericksburg Va.<br />Æ. 30 yrs. 5 mos. 13 days.<br />His grave is at Mt. Hope cemetery Washington D.C.</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p1"><span style="font-size:85%;">They died for their country.</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p1"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span></p> <p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p2"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdBLDvL1EAPkm2f4BkYGTKDe_dkiGLurTs5p5l3Ob-2tcYZh0K8oHOdAHPEgWjq8lZTjgjdC4P1vHX1Zp83dGNqsbZxhv_Ar1j-54bKyczIZftzW5njJ38kSQNcYBs5Y_Hw5CC9v99-DE/s1600/kenniston.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdBLDvL1EAPkm2f4BkYGTKDe_dkiGLurTs5p5l3Ob-2tcYZh0K8oHOdAHPEgWjq8lZTjgjdC4P1vHX1Zp83dGNqsbZxhv_Ar1j-54bKyczIZftzW5njJ38kSQNcYBs5Y_Hw5CC9v99-DE/s320/kenniston.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461107039903049634" border="0" /></a></span></p> <p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p1"><span style="font-size:85%;">Leonard E. Kenneston<br />a member of<br />Co. H. 16th Regt.<br />Me. Vols.<br />died at Belle Plain Va.<br />Feb. 8. 1863.<br />Æ. 27 yrs.</span></p> <p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p1"><span style="font-size:85%;">Thomas E. Kenneston</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br />a member of<br />Co. H. 16th Regt.<br />Me. Vols.<br />died at Windmill Point Va.<br />Jan. 25, 1863.<br />Æ. 24 yrs. 11 mos.</span></p> <p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p1"><span style="font-size:85%;">They died for their country.</span></p><hr style="height: 2px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW6CA6dRMpTqGBZ5FQNk_dChzrzCmrWdGcE55JjYRm_BxBl6j5hbbbrsakj93LVwXDw_I3NkyLgxStr_ujm5ZxTgqmC7pxR9x0vmK6PJX6sEL52TyUBqJtigQ3Sqz8WREFQgsDbKIeyhI/s1600/clark.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW6CA6dRMpTqGBZ5FQNk_dChzrzCmrWdGcE55JjYRm_BxBl6j5hbbbrsakj93LVwXDw_I3NkyLgxStr_ujm5ZxTgqmC7pxR9x0vmK6PJX6sEL52TyUBqJtigQ3Sqz8WREFQgsDbKIeyhI/s320/clark.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461109384949357138" border="0" /></a></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><b>Died in captivity</b></span> <p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p1"><span style="font-size:85%;">In memory of<br />Prentice M. Clark<br />1839 — 1864<br />Died in Andersonville Prison.</span></p> <span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >Family also listed on the marker:<br />Fred L. Clark</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br />1842 — 1901</span> <p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p1"><span style="font-size:85%;">Louisa Clark</span></p> <p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p1"><span style="font-size:85%;">Laura E. Clark</span></p> <p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p2"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span></p><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><hr /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSo7Zleygq1iamLFVAofHtSqwjTabKRDBiAtNYFVmNjNOcHxXjfzBMQ9ReYQ8A63YJ4-XCkpbcqTTl2nM431dAg-49Okiyfjz8-z69_GxXDtcMjl7p0aHChF7wVite79STxjR_oPC4Gdk/s1600/Lord.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSo7Zleygq1iamLFVAofHtSqwjTabKRDBiAtNYFVmNjNOcHxXjfzBMQ9ReYQ8A63YJ4-XCkpbcqTTl2nM431dAg-49Okiyfjz8-z69_GxXDtcMjl7p0aHChF7wVite79STxjR_oPC4Gdk/s320/Lord.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461111181749156594" border="0" /></a><br /></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><b><br />Lost on the Battlefield</b></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br /></span> <p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p1"><span style="font-size:85%;">Eugene Lord<br />wounded in the assault<br />before Petersburg, Va. June<br />18. Died at City Point, June<br />25, 1864. Æ. 19 yrs.<br />2 mos & 6 days.<br />Son of Augustus &<br />Hannah Lord.</span></p> <p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p1"><span style="font-size:85%;">Stone is marked with a relief carving of the emblem for Co. F 1st Me. Heavy Artillery Me.</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p1"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span></p><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmJaVbRNeueMV9yFLG89W-g6-ithj-f2h71i0gur3rwDU6zZyEcz4CCo1yi6GSBFoIzoibLTa08vDavmsA7tq2THql3Cbzv43VrhtIeTXSyFSJ8r0TrkQ3J4k6DCyVYkV6I7qDOiERjMk/s1600/bates.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmJaVbRNeueMV9yFLG89W-g6-ithj-f2h71i0gur3rwDU6zZyEcz4CCo1yi6GSBFoIzoibLTa08vDavmsA7tq2THql3Cbzv43VrhtIeTXSyFSJ8r0TrkQ3J4k6DCyVYkV6I7qDOiERjMk/s320/bates.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461112279475207362" border="0" /></a></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >In memory of</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br />Wm. H.H. Bates<br />musician of Co. H 31st<br />Regt. Me. Vols. Killed in<br />action near Cold Harbor Va.<br />June 3, 1864,<br />and buried on the field.</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br />Æ. 17 years.</span> <p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p1"><span style="font-size:85%;">Son of John B. &<br />Rachel P. Bates</span></p> <p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p1"><span style="font-size:85%;">The nation called for soldiers;<br />One of that quota I supplied;<br />Dear mother, for his country,<br />Your son has bled and died.</span></p><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br /></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7nCt1VUD-S4PkTwqpCcsWCG2yjBqk10EkSfJwCt7fuwWhZlLiAuk8QDvlc-D_yAi3n2Td4jTC9hfjHW_y1SCK4NbexVPvrfnwXomuMQqufYQdBPsq4oQeJ1PAHRxIDsZB2eddufOBJZg/s1600/strout.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7nCt1VUD-S4PkTwqpCcsWCG2yjBqk10EkSfJwCt7fuwWhZlLiAuk8QDvlc-D_yAi3n2Td4jTC9hfjHW_y1SCK4NbexVPvrfnwXomuMQqufYQdBPsq4oQeJ1PAHRxIDsZB2eddufOBJZg/s320/strout.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461113858876384050" border="0" /></a><br />Andrew W. Strout,<br />A member of Co. D. 30th<br />Regt. Me. Vols. Killed in<br />Pleasant Hill battle at<br />Mansfield La.<br />April 9, 1864<br />Æ. 22 yrs. 5 mos.<br />& 21 days </span><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p1"><span style="font-size:85%;">Died for his country the union to save,<br />Far, far away is his unknown grave.<br />Peace to his ashes hallowed the spot<br />God knows the place we know it not.</span></p><hr style="height: 2px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5rUxxyhIWvYbeF-epzJfoI95lB3A7iPigEjAUiOd1-s4umzuTwBK2OaW8K_byUaR7a4fymdtY3mtAcA7_tlLZF1cJp5C7tU0BhK9wbAb1HtkS5fm9cm4uFcCEIcokVm2zxGicufnzosI/s1600/case.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 223px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5rUxxyhIWvYbeF-epzJfoI95lB3A7iPigEjAUiOd1-s4umzuTwBK2OaW8K_byUaR7a4fymdtY3mtAcA7_tlLZF1cJp5C7tU0BhK9wbAb1HtkS5fm9cm4uFcCEIcokVm2zxGicufnzosI/s320/case.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461114435046680130" border="0" /></a><br /></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><span style="font-weight: bold;">Officers of the GAR</span></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br /><br /></span><div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;">CAPT.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;">Isaac Winslow Case</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;">Co. H. 22nd Regt. Me. Vols.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;">Son of</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;">Dr. Isaac & Abigail P.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;">CASE</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;">died of Congestive chill</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;">while in the service of his</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;">country at Port Hudson La</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;">July 6, 1863.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;">Æ. 40 Years</span></div> <p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p1"><span style="font-size:85%;">His trust was in Christ alone<br />Whom he had followed in life<br />Whom he triumphed in at death</span></p> <p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p2"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p2"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span></p><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD-SgOh0JPqBZlBopycuoO0dbxqvmMuzHZ50C7KHt2CCog9YLD2YcccYo8jKgPFI4bsLwZJpKw5pRvkYkLDSzZodUtYhq5D2C1c2guSgL4EnuebFmVwDU1wZ6BwGUxCZuDl6UbHHbEvxc/s1600/couty.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 208px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD-SgOh0JPqBZlBopycuoO0dbxqvmMuzHZ50C7KHt2CCog9YLD2YcccYo8jKgPFI4bsLwZJpKw5pRvkYkLDSzZodUtYhq5D2C1c2guSgL4EnuebFmVwDU1wZ6BwGUxCZuDl6UbHHbEvxc/s320/couty.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461115344868137458" border="0" /></a>In memory of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br />Calvin Sanger Douty<br />Colonel 1st Maine Cavalry<br />U.S. Volunteers.<br />Killed on the field of battle<br />At the head of his Regiment<br />On the 17th day of June 1863,<br />at the victory of Aldie Va,<br />In the third year of the war<br />For the Union<br />Aged 50 years.</span> <p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p1"><span style="font-size:85%;">As a husband and father he was devoted<br />And exemplary, as a public officer<br />Upright and efficient, as a private<br />Citizen, enterprising and useful,<br />And as a soldier, discreet, intrepid<br />And “faithful unto death.”<br />This tribute to his worth is erected by<br />His widow, and only surviving child.</span></p> <p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p2"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhauIe6bmfxgFC8VshyphenhyphenSIewWpbW98PgFZRpNXBJqcqS6Kgvet-4f4Dqg6rc1Vd9b-PgMc3nUAbJ3u2pSkgkjlBYJQ6JDQ3ogukcMwP0w3M2kDm8xFmLjvfMB8wg_SzDrWs4s6krxXqRy3g/s1600/douty_detail.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhauIe6bmfxgFC8VshyphenhyphenSIewWpbW98PgFZRpNXBJqcqS6Kgvet-4f4Dqg6rc1Vd9b-PgMc3nUAbJ3u2pSkgkjlBYJQ6JDQ3ogukcMwP0w3M2kDm8xFmLjvfMB8wg_SzDrWs4s6krxXqRy3g/s320/douty_detail.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461116656902084594" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Detail of the Calvin Sanger Douty memorial. Though badly eroded, the relief image of a mounted soldier with sword raised, leading his soldiers into battle is still clearly visible. While there is significant evidence that the position of the hooves of a mount does not communicate the specific cause of death, Mrs. Douty appears to have opted to use the symbolic imagery of a horse with a single raised hoof to reinforce the message that her husband was wounded in battle and died as a result of his wounds.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span></p><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br /></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtIPu46BbdI3Jqk1FewLgJgyjwq3hhbjlUbt8CnZyv7m_QM42viHHfbrls8noV5pXeRZ8CEvSALVkdpOEJ4C7U6Ng9dflwRvZrofVWVhT55DQhzUy7SUhKm_ydxHt4JlVXYtAZAl1jywU/s1600/parkman.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 217px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtIPu46BbdI3Jqk1FewLgJgyjwq3hhbjlUbt8CnZyv7m_QM42viHHfbrls8noV5pXeRZ8CEvSALVkdpOEJ4C7U6Ng9dflwRvZrofVWVhT55DQhzUy7SUhKm_ydxHt4JlVXYtAZAl1jywU/s320/parkman.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461119064727648082" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /></span><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p1"><span style="font-size:85%;">Lieut. Eli W.<br />Son of Richmond<br />& Isabella B. Parkman.<br />Died June 16, 1864<br />Æ. 24 yrs. 2 m’s. 15 d’s.<br />He was a Lieut. of Co. D. first<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br />D.C. Cavelry, Shot June 15, 1864<br />Near Petersburg.<br />Gone Home.</span></p><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><hr style="height: 2px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrBqZoNubeq7SkkQK78j3WyHN8N4aLG1U30Qg0agUFDknE8KXVH_gY3J0ESNce4BksLBO6gggYTMpHZyEIAE5lFp8ZSXmhID_rHIAd878U-DLPVS4eNO_Bx8QYlH2ekY5AWTaKRGCOuJM/s1600/tebbetts.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrBqZoNubeq7SkkQK78j3WyHN8N4aLG1U30Qg0agUFDknE8KXVH_gY3J0ESNce4BksLBO6gggYTMpHZyEIAE5lFp8ZSXmhID_rHIAd878U-DLPVS4eNO_Bx8QYlH2ekY5AWTaKRGCOuJM/s320/tebbetts.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461119954982826786" border="0" /></a></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><b><br />Reason for Pride, if not death</b></span> <p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p1"><span style="font-size:85%;">1843 • Roscoe G. Tebbets • 1936<br />A volunteer of the Civil War<br />Served in Co. H. 31st Me. Regt.<br />Wounded through the left lung<br />Involving his heart during the<br />Battle of Lee’s surrender<br />April<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>• 1865</span></p> <p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p1"><span style="font-size:85%;">His wife<br />1874 • Mina G. Nason • 1857</span></p> <p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p2"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span></p> <p face="verdana" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: verdana;" class="p2"></p><p class="p2" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:85%;" >Notes</span></p> <p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p1"><span style="font-size:85%;"><sup>1</sup>Garbarino, J., Kostelny, K. and Dubrow, N. (1991). <i>No Place to Be a Child: Growing up in a War Zone</i>. Lexington, Mass: Lexington Press.</span></p> <p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;" class="p1"><span style="font-size:85%;"><sup>2</sup>Sawtelle, K. (May 22, 2009) Frock Coat and Flag: Union Soldier Markers in Central Maine. Retrieved April 17, 2010 from http://onagravesubject.blogspot.com/2009/05/frock-coat-and-flag-union-soldier.html</span></p>Kimberly J. Sawtellehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14205580201786739150noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2946431107826506110.post-56268866024000538982009-05-25T10:53:00.000-07:002009-05-25T11:44:57.599-07:00Woodman of the World Marker in Maine<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS0R4iv0XADRbuoxyZ2E_RA609f6E3Qp47crnDxwdpQUl6-zhO3oLg9QnR994B85UcrI47end-gdZ50KzhgHLe434t0d0UaFdJsa1N_P0k_SeP4cBYkOK5tOasTN4ficgB3pGXVQvaa0A/s1600-h/shay_bernard.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 300px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS0R4iv0XADRbuoxyZ2E_RA609f6E3Qp47crnDxwdpQUl6-zhO3oLg9QnR994B85UcrI47end-gdZ50KzhgHLe434t0d0UaFdJsa1N_P0k_SeP4cBYkOK5tOasTN4ficgB3pGXVQvaa0A/s400/shay_bernard.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5339834430231728482" border="0" /></a><br /><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" >While out shooting images for a new online friend on May 25, 2009, my husband and I stumbled across a trophy I’ve been searching for in Maine for years...a Woodman of the World marker. It is located in a small cemetery on the Etna-Dixmont town line in Maine.<br /><br />When traveling in Washington state, I was able to photograph a large number of this style of marker but this is the first I’ve found in the state of Maine, where Woodmen of the World (WOW) was not as popular a fraternal order.<br /><br />Today, WOW is known pretty much as an insurance company but in the early years, it was a fraternal order that included a pledge among members to care for each others families in the event of the breadwinner’s death. Benefits included a gravestone provided by WOW. Popularly, these are seen as evocative and almost monumental “tree stump” markers but the organization provided a number of other markers, as well.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"> <br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">The inscription reads: </span> <span style="font-family:verdana;">Camp 64</span> <span style="font-family:verdana;">Here Rests a Woodman of the World</span> <span style="font-family:verdana;">Dum Tacet Clamat</span> <span style="font-family:verdana;">Bernard J. Shay</span> <span style="font-family:verdana;">Beloved husband of </span> <span style="font-family:verdana;">Annie B. Shay</span><span style="font-family:verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:verdana;">1856 - 1915</span><span style="font-family:verdana;">. </span><span style="font-family:verdana;">Annie B. Shay</span> <span style="font-family:verdana;">1849 - 1931.<br /></span></span><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHEffCp6ClWloXhTRDHDnm_Ua75KPDki_eK0ohs55tY33OFigDwvCDw40xXiv9gQDyuKQBlLJLtYCAp7Iu6Phvp_TgKED92LvQXu8TDpjF2ltEzIukcI9A8rW2kR5n4ka_F1xubrFtfj4/s1600-h/wow_conconully.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 251px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHEffCp6ClWloXhTRDHDnm_Ua75KPDki_eK0ohs55tY33OFigDwvCDw40xXiv9gQDyuKQBlLJLtYCAp7Iu6Phvp_TgKED92LvQXu8TDpjF2ltEzIukcI9A8rW2kR5n4ka_F1xubrFtfj4/s400/wow_conconully.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5339827266187233602" border="0" /></a><br />Less realistically carved bark than the Maine stone, this stone is located in <span style="font-weight: bold;">Conconully, WA</span>. The inscription reads: Here Rests a Woodman of the Worldm Dum Tacet Clamat, John E. Goggins, Born July 28, 1874, Died Oct. 21, 1907. </span><span style="font-size:85%;"> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a style="font-family: verdana;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF9U25TYT6ER4L2VOiQwUkQD2qJLgv7vKS4v41hjbV8s1bLI3NoDIOBjrOM2zpns1DyA5Jk_WGCKKmgILm6ekaF9bLeR9_XAm-9C9Pc7JIt40FzZAT9FmKcgCBQTdS1uIBHjfqXjgAL_0/s1600-h/WOW_loomis2.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 252px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF9U25TYT6ER4L2VOiQwUkQD2qJLgv7vKS4v41hjbV8s1bLI3NoDIOBjrOM2zpns1DyA5Jk_WGCKKmgILm6ekaF9bLeR9_XAm-9C9Pc7JIt40FzZAT9FmKcgCBQTdS1uIBHjfqXjgAL_0/s400/WOW_loomis2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5339828569573587490" border="0" /></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">Bearing only the WOW insignia, this stone located in <span style="font-weight: bold;">Loomis, WA</span> also varies from the popular tree-stump motif.</span> <span style="font-family:verdana;">Here Rests a Woodman of the World</span> <span style="font-family:verdana;">Wm. H. McDanie</span> <span style="font-family:verdana;">Nov. 8, 1856</span> <span style="font-family:verdana;">Aug. 10, 1916.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIMjCFeYZxVDtfLwbvUjdfb3YSEnyS6od3SOIV8ULagqpu1fpeY5oe6wMivM3rsAezw02DrVa43iRTJrgQEWqwxPNM6f5ho3hFmCnIKlIXCV3PtTOECwwwx7TuLU7-ROHgXYdZaJLPZgE/s1600-h/republic.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 252px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIMjCFeYZxVDtfLwbvUjdfb3YSEnyS6od3SOIV8ULagqpu1fpeY5oe6wMivM3rsAezw02DrVa43iRTJrgQEWqwxPNM6f5ho3hFmCnIKlIXCV3PtTOECwwwx7TuLU7-ROHgXYdZaJLPZgE/s400/republic.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5339829376331974306" border="0" /></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">Located in <span style="font-weight: bold;">Republic, WA</span>, this tall tree-stump stone is typical in design to what one would expect to be marked as a Woodman of the World stone. In this case, there is no insignia included on the marker. This points to the popularity of the rustic tree stump motif, even among those who were not members of the fraternal organization.<br /><br />The inscription reads: Thomas Reaney, Ap. 16, 1830, Feb. 24, 1903; Catherine Reaney, Aug. 16, 1828, Sep. 16, 1914<br /><br />For a comprehensive article on the WOW monument program, please see: “The Woodmen of the World Monument Program,” Anne Stott in <span style="font-style: italic;">Markers XX: Annual Journal of the Association for Gravestone Studies</span>, Richard E. Meyer, editor, Greenfield, MA, 2003.<br /></span></span>Kimberly J. Sawtellehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14205580201786739150noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2946431107826506110.post-80358324253379160582009-05-22T16:50:00.000-07:002009-05-23T06:36:35.592-07:00Frock Coat and Flag: Union Soldier Markers in Central Maine<span style="font-family: verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: center; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhafglUJtJajjrusH2s44W9rPlyi2Rb12078hp0z54jtx8XtCp6lBbYDWEqmqMWTXHDll9Wv43NQxlyTk6XFHPUEMtl6tEhOSm-9GeFF29aQwJJbqfWK7qOSb5BxxD0bxrVrz08e4F8z1s/s1600-h/arlington.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 191px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhafglUJtJajjrusH2s44W9rPlyi2Rb12078hp0z54jtx8XtCp6lBbYDWEqmqMWTXHDll9Wv43NQxlyTk6XFHPUEMtl6tEhOSm-9GeFF29aQwJJbqfWK7qOSb5BxxD0bxrVrz08e4F8z1s/s400/arlington.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338976919747387762" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:78%;">Arlington National Cemetery Image Number: 708887 by MrPyro. stock.xchng® vi</span><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br />In my earliest independent wanderings through cemeteries in central Maine, around 2001, I came across the first of a fascinating style of Civil War headstone that still has me searching the landscape for contemporaries. In this preliminary paper, I will discuss features of the stones’ design elements in the hope of receiving feedback from readers regarding similar stones they have encountered so that I may compile a larger pool of samples for analytical purposes.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Introduction</span><br />Growing up in the 1970s, when American Bicentennial fervor encouraged the wholesale bleaching of marble gravestones and monuments as a worthy and patriotic past time for school children, I first learned that the U.S. government issued standardized grave markers for members of the military dating back to the Civil War. Having this idea ingrained early, the headstone I stumbled across in a secluded cemetery in Dover-Foxcroft, Maine, on August 22, 2001, came as a bit of a surprise. <br /><br />The finely carved and polished, white marble stone depicted a bearded Union soldier in <span style="font-style: italic;">bas relief</span>. In profile, a left-facing soldier, standing on a grassy plain, was wearing a Union wool cap and frock coat and was holding an American flag incised with 33 stars and 13 stripes carved in alternating relief (Figures 1 and 4). <br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHSPpve5nmbjpYA9JC2LQmcVGCAEV-3VKHeRHvwPiobU8ycCKKgBQ03YacLq7KPR2TGNdDDMu7zWItckY2uJKQBVJzWI8HLxWMD7t3VRsBlIs2QYh4y_kuUc6GqddKdn9MJKzHsxYUuS8/s1600-h/hayes_fig1.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 272px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHSPpve5nmbjpYA9JC2LQmcVGCAEV-3VKHeRHvwPiobU8ycCKKgBQ03YacLq7KPR2TGNdDDMu7zWItckY2uJKQBVJzWI8HLxWMD7t3VRsBlIs2QYh4y_kuUc6GqddKdn9MJKzHsxYUuS8/s400/hayes_fig1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338976641326640146" border="0" /></a><span style=""><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:78%;" >Figure 1:</span><span style="font-size:78%;"> A bearded Union soldier, dressed in uniform, stands in profile in a grassy plain holding the staff of an American flag in his right hand. The carving is realistic in style and appears to be historically accurate, down to the number of stars and stripes on the flag. (Photo: Kimberly J. Sawtelle).</span><br /><br /></span></span><div style="text-align: center; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;">____________________<br /></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br /><br /><br />Even more startling was the personal detail recorded in the inscription and epitaph:<br /><br /></span><div style="text-align: center; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size:85%;">I died for my country.<br />Daniel W. Hayes<br />A member of Co. H.<br />1st Me. Heavy Artillery<br />Died at Baltimore Md.<br />June 18, 1864<br />Æ. 50 yrs. 1 mo.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">The morning came but the angel of death</span><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Had passed over the compound and they found him</span><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Asleep like a Christian warrior at rest</span><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">With the emblems of warfare around him.</span><br /></span><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;">In a world of rank and file uniformity, where personal concerns are second to duty, honor and country, in a quiet country cemetery, surrounded by the chirr of crickets and buzz of cicada, stood a tribute that memorialized the nation's Civil War, an individual who died and the tinge of a mourning widow’s bitterness.<br /></span></div></div><span style="font-family: verdana;font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s portrait=""><br />The message of mourning was reinforced on Mrs. Hayes adjacent marble marker, which recorded:<br /><br /></soldier’s></span><div style="text-align: center; font-family: verdana;font-family:verdana;"><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s portrait="">Nancy A.</soldier’s><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s portrait="">Wife of</soldier’s><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s portrait="">Daniel W. Hayes</soldier’s><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s portrait="">DIED</soldier’s><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s portrait="">Nov. 14, 1905</soldier’s><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s portrait="" style="font-family:verdana;">Æ. 86 yrs. & 10 mos.</soldier’s><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s portrait="">Beloved, at last with thee will I rest</soldier’s></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><br /></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s portrait="">And with thee in Christ I will rise.</soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Accustomed to seeing simple marble markers bearing only the most rudimentary information about the individual honored, the complexity of the detailed relief carving and the expansive, emotional nature of the inscription immediately made me question the origin of the Daniel W. Hayes headstone and wonder whether I could find more like it, if I searched.<br /><br /></span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:85%;" >History</span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: verdana;font-size:85%;" >Although the soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines they mark now lay at rest, more than 3,000,000 government-issued headstones currently stand at attention in private and national cemeteries across the United States.<sup>1</sup> The simplicity and uniformity of design of the typical stone tablets famously portrayed in annual Memorial Day landscapes of Arlington National Cemetery, was established in the days prior to the Civil War and the creation of the country’s first national cemetery in 1861.<sup>2</sup></span><span style="font-family: verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br /><br /></span><span style="font-family: verdana;font-size:85%;" >In the earliest days of cavalry units assigned to duty on the western frontier, responsibility for the burial of soldiers who died in service fell to garrison commanders by default. Over time, a standardized tradition of grave markers emerged. <sup>3</sup> According to the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, these markers were traditionally a wooden board with a rounded top and minimal identifying inscription. This responsibility-by-default was codified on September 11, 1861, when the U.S. War Department issued General Orders number 75 which made it the official duty of commanders to bury and mark the graves of their dead.<sup>4</sup></span><span style="font-family: verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br /><br /></span><span style="font-family: verdana;font-size:85%;" >The use of wooden grave markers, modeled on those used in frontier territory, continued until the close of the Civil War. In 1865, the enormity of maintaining some 100,000 burials in the national cemeteries began to make its impact felt. At the cost of $1.23 a piece with an average lifespan of less than five years, it became obvious that a more permanent solution for marking the graves of fallen soldiers was necessary.<sup>5</sup></span><span style="font-family: verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br /><br /></span><span style="font-family: verdana;font-size:85%;" >As with all things related to government, there was strong and enduring debate over the materials to be used for U.S. military headstones. White zinc and durable stone were the top contenders with the options of marble or granite receiving approval after seven long years of discussion.<sup>6</sup> Given the impact of acid rain on both zinc and marble markers in the modern era—an issue not remotely imagined between 1865 and 1872—the decision yielded the most economical results in terms of longevity, particularly in cases where granite was the stone of choice.</span><span style="font-family: verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br /><br /></span><span style="font-family: verdana;font-size:85%;" >Duty, honor, pride and—most importantly—unity are concepts promoted by all branches of the United States military. The simplicity of these concepts is reinforced in the regimented standard defining government-issued slab headstones and strict guidelines controlling the size, silhouette and inscriptions of the stones. In 1873, William W. Belknap, secretary of war, issued the first slab headstone design, referred to as the “Civil War” type—10-inches wide, 12-inches in height above the ground and 4-inches thick (Figure 2). These dimensions were changed in 1903 to 39-inches in height above the ground, while the 12-inch width and 4-inch thickness remained unchanged (Figure 3).<sup>7</sup></span><span style="font-family: verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br /><br /></span><span style="font-family: verdana;font-size:85%;" >Belknap’s original Civil War-type stone was polished above ground with a sunken shield within which the soldier’s name, rank, state and unit were inscribed in <span style="font-style: italic;">bas relief</span>. The stone was initially issued to members of the Union Army, the unmarked graves of eligible Revolutionary War veterans, veterans of the War of 1812, the Mexican War and Indian Campaigns.<sup>8</sup> At the conclusion of the Spanish-American War, the stone was chosen to mark the graves of the American dead of that campaign.<sup>9</sup></span><span style="font-family: verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br /><br /></span><span style="font-family: verdana;font-size:85%;" >It was not until the mid-to-late 20th century that regulations were adapted to allow for greater personalization of military headstones and markers to include indicators of military service (e.g. “Vietnam,” “Lebanon,” “Persian Gulf”) to be inscribed on stones for soldiers killed in action<sup>10</sup> and approved emblems of belief and terms of endearment.<sup>11</sup></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ_ZoNkxpxV1VpYqUG-i5V88jQI_HXcJ2g23sVcIgkBlP8ULaRQhBR8eGtLZu_hyuv1RFrPBb4YsHhzg8RLin324Wj8Bvjczb44OghgGSTVLRYA4Kj_uw7MISGBkDFSja737auKsY4s_I/s1600-h/gould_fig2.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 144px; height: 215px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ_ZoNkxpxV1VpYqUG-i5V88jQI_HXcJ2g23sVcIgkBlP8ULaRQhBR8eGtLZu_hyuv1RFrPBb4YsHhzg8RLin324Wj8Bvjczb44OghgGSTVLRYA4Kj_uw7MISGBkDFSja737auKsY4s_I/s400/gould_fig2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338976460096055570" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="" style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Figure 2.</span> This lichen-encrusted example of Belknap’s original Civil War type headstone is located in Corinna, Maine. The brief <span style="font-style: italic;">bas relief</span> inscription within a sunken shield reads: Lieut. Sam’l Gould Jr., Co. E, 8 ME. INF. The inscription provides no death date or additional personal information. (Photo: Kimberly J. Sawtelle)</soldier’s></span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s portrait="" style="font-family:verdana;"></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s portrait="" style="font-family:verdana;"></soldier’s></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait="">____________________</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><div style="text-align: left;"><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9QoVJdzuOq8d2OC0xeY-e-RpFeYn955AJDsBYVM2R-5X72cQ8i-slaGZBv5w_OGalBszaHD2mdibQ9un-6HRitUNlyXGL-Aa4syR21v8Xj7wJg_6btsWMUTlI_6qaByoPAhOTxfFg2nA/s1600-h/magoon_fig3.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 144px; height: 203px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9QoVJdzuOq8d2OC0xeY-e-RpFeYn955AJDsBYVM2R-5X72cQ8i-slaGZBv5w_OGalBszaHD2mdibQ9un-6HRitUNlyXGL-Aa4syR21v8Xj7wJg_6btsWMUTlI_6qaByoPAhOTxfFg2nA/s400/magoon_fig3.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338975308135870946" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:78%;" >Figure 3:</span><span style="font-size:78%;"> The gray granite stone of Stephen Magoon, located in Dover-Foxcroft, Maine, is an example of Belknap’s Civil War type headstone modified after 1903 to increase the height to 39-inches above the ground. The </span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" >bas relief</span><span style="font-size:78%;"> inscription within a sunken shield reads: Stephen Magoon, Co. D, 24 ME. INF. Similar to the earlier style of stone, the newer design provided no options for greater personalization. (Photo: Kimberly J. Sawtelle)</span></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""><span style="font-weight: bold;">Investigation</span></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait="">Following the initial discovery of the Hayes stone, I began searching other cemeteries in the central Maine region (now referred to as the “Maine Highlands” by the Maine Office of Tourism) for similar markers. Focusing on another research objective at the time, finding Union soldier stones was a secondary consideration during my excursions. As a result, the initial search was not particularly systematic and by no means complete.</soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait="">To date, a total of 11 stones have been identified, predominantly in small (100 or fewer marked burials) to medium-sized (100-1000 marked burials) rural cemeteries. The largest concentration of these stones is located between Palmyra, Hartland and St. Albans, near the boundaries of the Penobscot-Piscataquis-Somerset tri-county region (Map 1). A total of 10 stones occur within a 30-mile radius of each other in this geographic area: two stones in Dover-Foxcroft, one stone in Garland, one stone in Bradley, one stone in East Corinth, one in West Corinth, one in Palmyra, two in Hartland and one in St. Albans. A single stone was also identified in Whiting, Maine, approximately 120 miles to the east.</soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4mLZQpVODUagJXcB-tJUx1OxMHO-wNe6pYBfr8HzJmwgnIyCQb1yM8MunFYiKj62fF_HT3wZ2yoD8I3L3Z04FZWr8vgURhyT_5mq-Rj_lR8F269yK_NcF4ci5vXUwOYubxdr50hUsPEg/s1600-h/map1.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 267px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4mLZQpVODUagJXcB-tJUx1OxMHO-wNe6pYBfr8HzJmwgnIyCQb1yM8MunFYiKj62fF_HT3wZ2yoD8I3L3Z04FZWr8vgURhyT_5mq-Rj_lR8F269yK_NcF4ci5vXUwOYubxdr50hUsPEg/s400/map1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5339001528299904386" border="0" /></a></span><span style=";font-size:78%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Map 1:</span> To date a total of 11 Union soldier stones have been identified, 10 of which fall within a 30-mile radius of each other in the Penobscot-Piscataquis-Somerset region. The eleventh stone is located in the Whiting Village Cemetery, Whiting, Maine. (Map is not to scale and intended only to indicate estimated proximity.)</soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait="">____________________</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><div style="text-align: left;"><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWfYkibi1IdzQHNAV3YrRsRSdexUB_7MUSn8UHgxDEw9az_w6iKprnl8VvJBFBt9ph9Yk8I9bN38pat8czE9yBIP0z3q6bWd0qGGP2F-G_xHdOEIA6z2nv1P_cUIDb_fzJzXsWO4YQB8Y/s1600-h/hayes_dan1.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 252px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWfYkibi1IdzQHNAV3YrRsRSdexUB_7MUSn8UHgxDEw9az_w6iKprnl8VvJBFBt9ph9Yk8I9bN38pat8czE9yBIP0z3q6bWd0qGGP2F-G_xHdOEIA6z2nv1P_cUIDb_fzJzXsWO4YQB8Y/s400/hayes_dan1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338974457296157410" border="0" /></a></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style=";font-size:78%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""><span style="font-weight: bold;">Figure 4:</span> The finely carved and polished, white marble of the Hayes stone shows little evidence of erosion. Left-facing in profile and somewhat barrel-chested, a bearded soldier stands on a grassy plain wearing a Union wool cap and frock coat. His right knee is slightly cocked and he supports the staff of an American flag, incised with 33 stars and 13 stripes carved in alternating relief. See above for inscription. (Photo: Kimberly Sawtelle)</soldier’s></span></div><span style=";font-size:85%;" ><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s>____________________<br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait=""><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHUiS3lK-NZsEGwhkgf8KTllQwugKrZJIQ1_Nwc8AAz9kRh-fUfxXMcXOHqQcVF1R4NVT1yYs8J3f_UMdlZHwKZ-UGwGpoMaSQUOH-BRG-9XRDqsEUXct004zwYSy1ar-6LqcXqpP-3BQ/s1600-h/bates_wm.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 252px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHUiS3lK-NZsEGwhkgf8KTllQwugKrZJIQ1_Nwc8AAz9kRh-fUfxXMcXOHqQcVF1R4NVT1yYs8J3f_UMdlZHwKZ-UGwGpoMaSQUOH-BRG-9XRDqsEUXct004zwYSy1ar-6LqcXqpP-3BQ/s400/bates_wm.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338974267243732498" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:78%;" >Figure 5: </span><span style="font-size:78%;"> Within five miles of the Hayes stone (Figure 4), William Bates’ white marble marker shows considerable surface erosion of the relief-carved Union soldier. The left-facing, somewhat barrel-chested, beardless soldier stands with his right knee slightly cocked. He wears a wool Union cap and frock coat and braces the staff of a flag in his right hand. At his feet is a drum standing on its side. (Photo: Kimberly Sawtelle)</span></soldier’s></span><br /><span style="font-size:78%;"><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-style: italic;"><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait="">In memory of</soldier’s></span></div></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s face="verdana" portrait="">Wm. H. H. Bates,</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">musician of Co. H. 31st</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">Regt. Me. Vols. killed in</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">action near Cold Harbor Va.</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">June 3, 1864,</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">and buried on the field.</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">Æ. 17 years.</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">Son of John B. &</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">Rachel P. Bates.</soldier’s><br /></span></div><span style="font-size:78%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></div><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-style: italic;"><soldier’s portrait="">The nation called for soldiers;</soldier’s></span></div></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" ><soldier’s portrait="">One of that quota I supplied;</soldier’s></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" ><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><br /></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" ><soldier’s portrait="">Dear mother for his country,</soldier’s></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" ><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" ><soldier’s portrait=""><br />Your son has bled and died.</soldier’s></span></div></div><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-style: italic;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait="">____________________</soldier’s></div><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></div><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUBmZYI37Fl2jiF3CmZZ4HI5sJH05HTqIqqXyrMXYTNZ46LD2u-ZixH0Q7nrUSLUGaYfXOKaTzmMsSCPpALwa-mgwHwS3_fzQJCG86QHgVxsd_YSI447JaF39msefhvjFpYL7zR26VD_M/s1600-h/bachelder_jos.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 252px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUBmZYI37Fl2jiF3CmZZ4HI5sJH05HTqIqqXyrMXYTNZ46LD2u-ZixH0Q7nrUSLUGaYfXOKaTzmMsSCPpALwa-mgwHwS3_fzQJCG86QHgVxsd_YSI447JaF39msefhvjFpYL7zR26VD_M/s400/bachelder_jos.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338974076401194722" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:78%;" >Figure 6: </span><span style="font-size:78%;"> This highly veined, thin white marble slab with a floral boarder lacks significant surface erosion. Union soldier is carved in shallow relief standing atop a brick wall. He wears a wool Union cap and frock coat. The figure is rigid and stylized, and somewhat disproportionate with a jutting chin, short legs, shallow chest and bell-shaped frock. The oversized flag displays 16 stars and 13 stripes. (Photo: Kimberly Sawtelle)</span></soldier’s><span style="font-size:78%;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait="">Joseph H<br /></soldier’s></div></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">Son of Ephraim &</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">Temperance Bachelder.</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">DIED</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">At Camp Nelson, Ky.</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">Nov. 16, 1863.</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">Æt. 26</soldier’s><br /></span></div><span style="font-size:78%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></div><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-style: italic;"><soldier’s portrait="">Warrior rest, thy toils are ended<br /></soldier’s></span></div></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" ><soldier’s portrait="">Life’s last fearful strife is o’re;</soldier’s></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" ><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><br /></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" ><soldier’s portrait="">Clarion calls with death notes blended</soldier’s></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" ><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><br /></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" ><soldier’s portrait="">Shall disturb thine ear no more.</soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" ><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">____________________</soldier’s></span></div><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></div><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH8VeYirUxuxKTGMvRYuu3U3iJN_2TsC0i3zxt7_Uu7AxS9GjV76JX1buCJLDpoBTkAPkKByTIiYeFjzpc13k4Q6PYiIAC-yXLjVCh1tZWHL9jgvg3NSwZPIcFa3g88LK2iqNgz29TEW0/s1600-h/bachelder_jos_detail.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 272px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH8VeYirUxuxKTGMvRYuu3U3iJN_2TsC0i3zxt7_Uu7AxS9GjV76JX1buCJLDpoBTkAPkKByTIiYeFjzpc13k4Q6PYiIAC-yXLjVCh1tZWHL9jgvg3NSwZPIcFa3g88LK2iqNgz29TEW0/s400/bachelder_jos_detail.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338973713707414338" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:78%;" >Figure 7:</span><span style="font-size:78%;"> Details of the Joseph Bachelder portrait reveals a squat-faced gentleman with somewhat curly hair and sideburns. Executed with considerably less skill than the carvers of the portraits pictured in Figure 1 or Figure 12, the static form is disproportionate with long arms, short legs and long, jutting chin. (Photo: Kimberly Sawtelle)</span></soldier’s><span style="font-size:78%;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></span><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFSbAwFeDCHd-9hyphenhyphenhy8L_khVYuJyZ2AK58k6BkVlFpL0jwxDk5CfD2hT6BA4OCm1pTKnx6q-Gstz8BzxmhhUiIQ6hQtiNDQ8HZZAoaizD3YN-svO9IUOgui0X4V-we3V-DB0r22ut4dH0/s1600-h/judkins_herb.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 252px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFSbAwFeDCHd-9hyphenhyphenhy8L_khVYuJyZ2AK58k6BkVlFpL0jwxDk5CfD2hT6BA4OCm1pTKnx6q-Gstz8BzxmhhUiIQ6hQtiNDQ8HZZAoaizD3YN-svO9IUOgui0X4V-we3V-DB0r22ut4dH0/s400/judkins_herb.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338973515580470194" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:78%;" >Figure 8:</span><span style="font-size:78%;"> A second, thin white marble slab marker identical in form to the Bachelder stone (Figure 6) stands a few feet away in the same Palmyra cemetery. The rigid Union soldier is carved in shallow relief, standing atop a brick wall. He supports a flag in his right hand displaying 13 stars carved in a circle and 13 stripes. The stone exhibits a laterally bisecting break and poor repairs, possibly using some form of marine cement. (Photo: Kimberly Sawtelle)</span></soldier’s><span style="font-size:78%;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait="">Herbert S.</soldier’s></div></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">Son of E. H. &</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">Sarah F. Judkins.</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">DIED</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">Aug. 17, 1863.</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">Æt. 19 yrs. 6 mos.</soldier’s><br /></span></div><span style="font-size:78%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></div><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-style: italic;"><soldier’s portrait="">We had no cowards in our band,</soldier’s></span></div></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" ><soldier’s portrait="">Who did our colours fly:</soldier’s></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" ><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><br /></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" ><soldier’s portrait="">Here sleeps a gallant soldier</soldier’s></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" ><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><br /></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" ><soldier’s portrait="">Who was not afraid to die.</soldier’s></span><br /></div><span style="font-size:85%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></div><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait="">____________________</soldier’s></div><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></div><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgctWTfCadQ6Zje15fQefKhs9EfbZuKh4I0Jk8lLRy5A11-ZqZslp_B8TzG74Dw5jU7j1nXsE6NWd2nT8pr3ImxqaNvMAzPjzHA1gmZvJami1pG79c-3Fe8WwFg93jMFS2qmJdgomscZDc/s1600-h/judkins_herb_detail.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 272px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgctWTfCadQ6Zje15fQefKhs9EfbZuKh4I0Jk8lLRy5A11-ZqZslp_B8TzG74Dw5jU7j1nXsE6NWd2nT8pr3ImxqaNvMAzPjzHA1gmZvJami1pG79c-3Fe8WwFg93jMFS2qmJdgomscZDc/s400/judkins_herb_detail.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338973245874937010" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:78%;" >Figure 9:</span><span style="font-size:78%;"> Carved on an identical slab marker with floral border as the Bachelder stone (Figure 6), the portrait for Herbert Judkins was executed by a different hand. The soldier is rendered in better proportion than the Bachelder figure, though still more stylized and “folk like” in form. This soldier is clearly clean-shaved and younger in appearance with short, curly hair and prominent nose. (Photo: Kimberly Sawtelle)</span></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait="">____________________</soldier’s></div><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></div><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhF-dIkmzNslScys7n9JqfDe2bgxMsR72JOD2ngf65ij7lX5oxsRy_YQ1G17sJo_B3BOW99kTxXdcwEy5myqmLItXqNiDzJhcqHCHmmEHKjJGgds3ytIVIMb_qeAuCgctM6sGXq6wEGLAs/s1600-h/crane_albert.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 252px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhF-dIkmzNslScys7n9JqfDe2bgxMsR72JOD2ngf65ij7lX5oxsRy_YQ1G17sJo_B3BOW99kTxXdcwEy5myqmLItXqNiDzJhcqHCHmmEHKjJGgds3ytIVIMb_qeAuCgctM6sGXq6wEGLAs/s400/crane_albert.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338973001151066082" border="0" /></a></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><span style="font-weight: bold;">Figure 10:</span> This white marble slab stone located in Whiting, Maine is most similar in style to the Bates stones (Figure 5). The soldier portrait shares elements of the Bates and Hayes stones. Though the figure is more slender and stiff in execution, it stands with the right knee slightly cocked. (Photo: Kimberly Sawtelle)</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait="">Albert L. Crane</soldier’s></div></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">A member of Co. E.</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /><soldier’s portrait="">31st Regt. Me. Vols.</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /><soldier’s portrait="">Died at Brattleboro, Vt.</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /><soldier’s portrait="">Aug. 22, 1864.</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /><soldier’s portrait="">Æ 24 yrs. 2 mos.</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /><soldier’s portrait="">Son of Wm. P. &</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /><soldier’s portrait="">Elizabeth Crane</soldier’s><br /></span></div><span style="font-size:78%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></div><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-style: italic;"><soldier’s portrait="">In the nations hour of peril</soldier’s></span></div></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" ><soldier’s portrait="">He was found among the brave,</soldier’s></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" ><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><br /></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" ><soldier’s portrait="">Home, life, and friends he sacrified</soldier’s></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" ><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><br /></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" ><soldier’s portrait="">His country’s life to save.</soldier’s></span><br /></div><span style="font-size:85%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></div><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait="">____________________</soldier’s></div><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></div><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiPcXiVIYnJT54CRrd-y7SXW3Z9snZRi99mT7iNFxChyphenhyphenSImSwkwgR6C6qVas5IZyO4X5UWfHTMSjgGtsB1K3nho-1_-2PhpscdKVfcVO40rYl2cCMJ6Uf2uS_6NRm461RpaMm8iqsWP9o/s1600-h/hodson_israel.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 252px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiPcXiVIYnJT54CRrd-y7SXW3Z9snZRi99mT7iNFxChyphenhyphenSImSwkwgR6C6qVas5IZyO4X5UWfHTMSjgGtsB1K3nho-1_-2PhpscdKVfcVO40rYl2cCMJ6Uf2uS_6NRm461RpaMm8iqsWP9o/s400/hodson_israel.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338972794260402786" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:78%;" >Figure 11:</span><span style="font-size:78%;"> One of 11 stones located to date, the Israel Hodsdon stone in West Corinth, Maine is the only marker to feature a right-facing, somewhat barrel-chested soldier. Personalized details of the carved figure include the insignia of a First Sergeant on the soldier’s sleeve and a moustache. (Photo: Kimberly Sawtelle)</span></soldier’s><span style="font-size:78%;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait="">Israel Hodson</soldier’s></div></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">First Sergent [sic] of Co. H.</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /><soldier’s portrait="">6th Reg’t. Maine Vol’s.</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /><soldier’s portrait="">Mortally wounded at the</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /><soldier’s portrait="">Battle of Rappahannock</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /><soldier’s portrait="">Station, Va. Nov. 7th</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /><soldier’s portrait="">DIED</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /><soldier’s portrait="">Nov. 9, 1863</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /><soldier’s portrait="">Aged 24 yrs. 9 mos. 15 ds.</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /><soldier’s portrait="">Son of Nathan & Dorothy Hodson.</soldier’s><br /></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></span></div><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></span><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait="">____________________</soldier’s></div><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></div><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUKbbd2FR8yRfJipgQwtdK7L9V6Rorurh7ELHW9xcJI_VaVGe-s5iDpqUOh-FhNMIgLEAX0awzub_721U4tcQWUmMLtT6eucH3TzwE14noYRecPQGqwqe9lkSza8WNyYRpfn5hAs7PPCk/s1600-h/hodson_israel_detail.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 272px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUKbbd2FR8yRfJipgQwtdK7L9V6Rorurh7ELHW9xcJI_VaVGe-s5iDpqUOh-FhNMIgLEAX0awzub_721U4tcQWUmMLtT6eucH3TzwE14noYRecPQGqwqe9lkSza8WNyYRpfn5hAs7PPCk/s400/hodson_israel_detail.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338972408171961602" border="0" /></a></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><span style="font-weight: bold;">Figure 12:</span> Detail of the Israel Hodsdon portrait shows a realistically carved gentleman in his prime executed by a skilled hand. The sleeve of his uniform depicts the rank of a First Sergeant and the portrait itself includes straight, neatly trimmed hair to the collar, no sideburn and a moustache. The flag features a circle of 23 stars in the field and 13 stripes carved in alternating relief. Note how movement is depicted at the hem of the frock coat, adding to the realism of the portrait. (Photo: Kimberly Sawtelle)</soldier’s></span><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwrPFB-VwQegS46RGqQsmA1tWZgSvOfCW6sn9jo1m_3fMEKCVMcdtvAvKfW2qzYL0xUMfFVGvfGeoJ7fm7x2YJWkx2jPc_EIIFIkGbR65FhDz97KxhiXxbqOhPIPjuM8BzrxXa6L7XS6A/s1600-h/whittier_austin.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 252px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwrPFB-VwQegS46RGqQsmA1tWZgSvOfCW6sn9jo1m_3fMEKCVMcdtvAvKfW2qzYL0xUMfFVGvfGeoJ7fm7x2YJWkx2jPc_EIIFIkGbR65FhDz97KxhiXxbqOhPIPjuM8BzrxXa6L7XS6A/s400/whittier_austin.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338968464668663986" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:78%;" >Figure 13:</span><span style="font-size:78%;"> The Whittier stone in East Corinth, Maine, lists the names of Austin and his older brother Andrew, who pre-deceased him in the war by 15 months. The stone’s inscription notes that Andrew’s body is interred in Washington, D.C. (Photo: Kimberly Sawtelle)</span></soldier’s><span style="font-size:78%;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait="">Austin W. Whittier</soldier’s></div></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">A member of Co. H. 1st Me. Heavy Artillery</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /><soldier’s portrait="">Died at Philadelphia Pa.</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /><soldier’s portrait="">Aug. 20, 1864,</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /><soldier’s portrait="">of wounds received in the battle</soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">at Petersburg Va.</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /><soldier’s portrait="">Æ. 18 yrs. 10 ms. 20 days</soldier’s><br /></span></div><span style="font-size:78%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></div><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait="">Andrew J. Whittier</soldier’s></div></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">A member of Co. H. 6th Regt. Me. Vols.</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /><soldier’s portrait="">Died at Mt. Pleasant Hospital Washington</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /><soldier’s portrait="">May 31, 1863</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /><soldier’s portrait="">Æ. 30 yrs. 5 mos. 13 days</soldier’s><br /></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">His grave is at Mt. Hope Cemetery, Washington</soldier’s></span></div><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></div><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait="">____________________</soldier’s></div><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></div><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTldVYOu3jJ4mn-lZ3ZAdTDcPbkbODrr0ob5pG0gdGGL2S9swF7bPqwownPOrCmhLNDItWKmLeMy2J41xEopImRXUIwu7BunpsNNhBC0JOrbm1VoAFMN_j_THcfoGsbDVxge-O96K2u9s/s1600-h/palmer_james.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 252px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTldVYOu3jJ4mn-lZ3ZAdTDcPbkbODrr0ob5pG0gdGGL2S9swF7bPqwownPOrCmhLNDItWKmLeMy2J41xEopImRXUIwu7BunpsNNhBC0JOrbm1VoAFMN_j_THcfoGsbDVxge-O96K2u9s/s400/palmer_james.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338968160036809858" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:78%;" >Figure 14:</span><span style="font-size:78%;"> Though stylistically quite different than the Whittier headstone, this thin slab headstone notes the loss of two brothers only two months apart. In this instance, the older brother is listed most prominently on the stone, which was broken and in disrepair when photographed. (Photo: Kimberly Sawtelle)</span></soldier’s><span style="font-size:78%;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-style: italic;"><soldier’s portrait="">Like Patriots they toiled and died for their country.</soldier’s></span></div><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait="">James R.</soldier’s></div></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">Son of William M. &</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /><soldier’s portrait="">Ann Palmer,</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /><soldier’s portrait="">Died at Lexington, Ma.</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /><soldier’s portrait="">Sept. 20, 1861,</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /><soldier’s portrait="">Æt. 27</soldier’s><br /></span></div><span style="font-size:78%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></div><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait="">Leroy M. Palmer</soldier’s></div></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">Died at City Point, Va.</soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait="">July 1, 1861, Æt. 17</soldier’s></span><br /></div><span style="font-size:85%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></div><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait="">____________________</soldier’s></div><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></div></span><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></span><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL637UFBGPY_iA5wezDEqJHZmlIOBCMxfwzxKnAvNrwRnT_ffAGsjjbtd-qD88e6rLm20P8SUMWjM0yRz6jflpJx1U5r-j2S3FF8QDF0Y0DsBCfdDmMTa0NBqThYzw7zVQv5UEsCA7vZ8/s1600-h/strout_andrew.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 252px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL637UFBGPY_iA5wezDEqJHZmlIOBCMxfwzxKnAvNrwRnT_ffAGsjjbtd-qD88e6rLm20P8SUMWjM0yRz6jflpJx1U5r-j2S3FF8QDF0Y0DsBCfdDmMTa0NBqThYzw7zVQv5UEsCA7vZ8/s400/strout_andrew.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338967558758661730" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:78%;" >Figure 15:</span><span style="font-size:78%;"> In Bradley, Maine, the Union soldier profile is carved in the tapered die of a white marble cottage-style stone marking the Strout family plot. The epitaph makes clear that location of Andrew Strout’s grave site was unknown to the family. (Photo: Kimberly Sawtelle)</span></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait="">Andrew W. Strout,</soldier’s></div><soldier’s portrait="">A member of Co. D. 30th</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""><br />Regt. Me. Vols. Killed in</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""><br />Pleasant Hill battle at</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""><br />Mansfield La.</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""><br />April 9, 1864,</soldier’s><soldier’s portrait=""><br />Æ. 22 yrs 5 mo.</soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait="">& 21 days</soldier’s></div><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></div><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-style: italic;"><soldier’s portrait="">Died for his country, the union to save</soldier’s></span></div></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" ><soldier’s portrait="">Far, far away is his unknown grave</soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-style: italic;"><soldier’s portrait="">Peace to his ashes hallowed the stop</soldier’s></span></div></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" ><soldier’s portrait="">God knows the place, we know not.</soldier’s></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></div><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait="">____________________</soldier’s></div><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><div style="text-align: center;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></div><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><span style="font-weight: bold;">Discussion</span></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait="">Dates of death carved on each of the 11 stones cited in this paper (though not all pictured) range throughout the duration of the Civil War, from July 1, 1861 (Leroy Palmer) to February 8, 1865 (George H. Moulton). All were likely carved and erected during the Civil War or shortly after peace was declared since, during that period, the government did not issue stone markers. In some cases, the portrait markers serve to indicate a fallen soldier’s grave, while in others it is a memorial only, with the bodies of the fallen men buried far from home and family or lost in the chaos of the post-mortem battlefield.</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait="">Easily two to four times the size of Belknap’s Civil War-type marker, adopted in 1878, it is most likely the stones originated from local monument suppliers using blanks supplied by quarries in Vermont, a primary source of marble headstones to the central Maine region in the mid-19th Century. A 1907 Vermont Marble Co. trade book illustrates marble slab stones similar or identical to those used for the portrait markers (Figures 14-17). What is currently unknown to the author is if the portrait stones were provided as a pre-carved stock item during the war years and sold as blanks that were personalized locally, as was the case of many standard headstone designs (Figure 18).</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait="">It is possible the Union soldier portrait design was created by stone carvers, or others in the mortuary industry, and shared through word-of-mouth or trade publications. The final possibility is that the design is unique to central to Downeast Maine, created by one or more local carvers and shared through word-of-mouth or some other means of communication. This is a question that can be answered only through more comprehensive research.</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNO0u4CSIhjEQW5i8nfrmox0nb5kq66cnQyL9U_9P5L9kSYdSsFapbANE9jfHRHTmDsxnECdKVMxUKMno1UYH8NDpALz2ELZt6lVd2xvERcZoRk7DMTg4R73yDFZAXOlmO8CWFLGzZFIo/s1600-h/No.2095.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 210px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNO0u4CSIhjEQW5i8nfrmox0nb5kq66cnQyL9U_9P5L9kSYdSsFapbANE9jfHRHTmDsxnECdKVMxUKMno1UYH8NDpALz2ELZt6lVd2xvERcZoRk7DMTg4R73yDFZAXOlmO8CWFLGzZFIo/s400/No.2095.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338965566372537138" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:78%;" >Figure 14:</span><span style="font-size:78%;"> Page 54 of the 1907 Vermont Marble Company Trade Price Book illustrates one of the styles of slab headstone favored for Union soldier portrait markers. Style numbers 2092, 2095, 2098 and 2104 are nearly identical to the 11 stones discussed here. The checkmark on line 1 of the price list was made by the original owner of Rogan’s Memorials; potentially indicating that the blank was a popular stock piece for the Bangor, Maine dealer.</span></soldier’s><span style="font-size:78%;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><span style="font-style: italic;">Illustration provided courtesy of Dick Coffin, current owner of Rogan’s Memorials, established in 1881, to whom the 1907 trade book belonged.</span></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></span><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg13RugBWxdCU1MmXMaE7y0D4GxTV8RNTGqtWrsm8vcYBksoP6fu-EjN9ZWHPwKRo-Pf3ZriUXkg5_zP8jVKDQvOec0aKeZX-24Uf0wu92vs18ztklowAVY74yVKxvzfBGWV5lWemBRaak/s1600-h/No.2098.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 167px; height: 267px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg13RugBWxdCU1MmXMaE7y0D4GxTV8RNTGqtWrsm8vcYBksoP6fu-EjN9ZWHPwKRo-Pf3ZriUXkg5_zP8jVKDQvOec0aKeZX-24Uf0wu92vs18ztklowAVY74yVKxvzfBGWV5lWemBRaak/s400/No.2098.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338963449745748450" border="0" /></a></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><span style="font-weight: bold;">Figure 15: </span> Monument design number 2098 is comparable in style to the marble slabs used for the Bates, Crane and Whittier headstones (Figures 5, 10 and 13)</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" >Illustration provided courtesy of Dick Coffin, current owner of Rogan’s Memorials, established in 1881, to whom the 1907 trade book belonged.</span><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ3gQdejlOTU3f3rFA24OQNFe59ZVYWk9d0ffo-BKJt0cWiJuukkqjC7_pVW1M9cA_jFii_64Rxlvc8dOu8gCpoKDQvsKMgO7S6pw-co0AywM7iktDqYfQs0TkUY5vpAN-mHrwXHQkx0Y/s1600-h/No.2104.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 210px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ3gQdejlOTU3f3rFA24OQNFe59ZVYWk9d0ffo-BKJt0cWiJuukkqjC7_pVW1M9cA_jFii_64Rxlvc8dOu8gCpoKDQvsKMgO7S6pw-co0AywM7iktDqYfQs0TkUY5vpAN-mHrwXHQkx0Y/s400/No.2104.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338963343865811106" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:78%;" >Figure 16:</span><span style="font-size:78%;"> Monument design number 2104 is comparable in style to slabs used for the Hayes headstone (Figure 4).</span></soldier’s><span style="font-size:78%;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><span style="font-style: italic;">Illustration provided courtesy of Dick Coffin, current owner of Rogan’s Memorials, established in 1881, to whom the 1907 trade book belonged.</span><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></span><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhNZ4MtMItL2bab02VN9TbSrXmaECq6Gft6OpFWJf2Zdx-ENHYv3qHWCMYIpiI9wF9dHtIE4AEUvPQLJj2rkeWgiFuYin-YIiA-90FIoiwP2Lqv2y7uKI3U2uGgO5lTMOz2KwiVLEnTU8/s1600-h/No2092.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 182px; height: 267px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhNZ4MtMItL2bab02VN9TbSrXmaECq6Gft6OpFWJf2Zdx-ENHYv3qHWCMYIpiI9wF9dHtIE4AEUvPQLJj2rkeWgiFuYin-YIiA-90FIoiwP2Lqv2y7uKI3U2uGgO5lTMOz2KwiVLEnTU8/s400/No2092.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338963159999293538" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:78%;" >Figure 17: </span><span style="font-size:78%;">Monument design number 2092 appears to be the most popular style to slab stone in the Palmyra-Hartland region, used for the Bachelder, Judkins and Palmer headstones, among others (Figures 6, 8 and 14).</span></soldier’s><span style="font-size:78%;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><span style="font-style: italic;">Illustration provided courtesy of Dick Coffin, current owner of Rogan’s Memorials, established in 1881, to whom the 1907 trade book belonged.</span><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJWItO2qMD8f1RZLLBMquJuDpscag4E_eMb62uYvuad3h-4y9upubwBia-vG023mEttOauH58C4Qqd9locSTAeZoZFFxu1Rt6bmmBzYyvrNm9fW4-2O03ysUZhyphenhyphenfKCWRl9duBdBTc7UYs/s1600-h/No2102.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 138px; height: 257px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJWItO2qMD8f1RZLLBMquJuDpscag4E_eMb62uYvuad3h-4y9upubwBia-vG023mEttOauH58C4Qqd9locSTAeZoZFFxu1Rt6bmmBzYyvrNm9fW4-2O03ysUZhyphenhyphenfKCWRl9duBdBTc7UYs/s400/No2102.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338963009452171522" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:78%;" >Figure 18:</span><span style="font-size:78%;"> The 1907 Vermont Marble Company Dealer Price List includes model No. 2102, a white marble slab headstone featuring the standard heaven-pointing hand. This tablet blank, as well as other popular designs, were provided to dealers from the Vermont quarry, requiring only personalization through carving the deceased personal information and epitaph.</span></soldier’s><span style="font-size:78%;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><span style="font-style: italic;">Illustration provided courtesy of Dick Coffin, current owner of Rogan’s Memorials, established in 1881, to whom the 1907 trade book belonged.</span><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></span><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /><br />Summary</span></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait="">So where does that leave us, in terms of the origins of the Union soldier portrait stones?</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait="">The similarity to marble slab markers included in mortuary stone price lists points to Vermont as the most likely source of the headstone blanks. Personalized inscriptions and portraits—including symbols of individuals’ roles during the Civil War—support a hypothesis of the markers being carved locally and erected by the fallen soldiers’ families between 1861 and 1865. Details of death on the battlefield or in camp, a sense of familial mourning and patriotic pride intermingle in portraits, inscriptions and epitaphs, a feature markedly differing from the minimal inscriptions recorded on government-issued gravestones.</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait="">Stylistically, stones within close geographic proximity show decidedly characteristic styles of carving that suggest limited source origins of the stones. A quick visual comparison of the 11 stones discussed here, exhibit the workmanship of several stone carvers. It is possible that several carvers in a single shop created the stones from a basic example within a specific community. While stones in the Dover-Foxcroft to Corinth area display a realistically rendered soldier within a classical arch, stones from the Palmyra-Hartland region place a disproportionate, stylized portrait inside a circular medallion. The question then becomes, how was the design communicated from carver to carver between communities? The origin of the design and geographic occurrence can be determined only through greater research.</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><span style="font-weight: bold;">Citations</span></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><sup>1</sup> U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (Reviewed/Updated Date: March 12, 2009). Burial and Memorials: General History, retrieved May 16, 2009 from http://www.cem.va.gov/hist/history.asp</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><sup>2</sup> U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (Reviewed/Updated Date: March 12, 2009). History of Government Furnished Headstones and Markers, retrieved May 16, 2009 from http://www.cem.va.gov/hist/hmhist.asp</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><sup>3</sup> Ibid.</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><sup>4</sup> Ibid.</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><sup>5</sup> Ibid.</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><sup>6</sup> Sammartino, Therese T. (n.d.). A Promise Made—A Commitment Kept: The Story of America’s Civil War Era National Cemeteries. Washington, D.C.: Department of Veterans Affairs, National Cemetery Administration.</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><sup>7</sup> U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (Reviewed/Updated Date: March 12, 2009). History of Government Furnished Headstones and Markers, retrieved May 16, 2009 from http://www.cem.va.gov/hist/hmhist.asp</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><sup>8</sup> Ibid.</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><sup>9</sup> Ibid.</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><sup>10</sup> Ibid.</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><sup>11</sup> Department of Veterans Affairs Communications & Outreach Support Division. (2009). Government-Furnished Heastones and Markers. Washington, D.C.: Department of Veterans Affairs National Cemetery Administration.</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><span style="font-weight: bold;">Bibliography</span></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait="">Department of Veterans Affairs Communications & Outreach Support Division. (2009). <span style="font-style: italic;">Government-Furnished Heastones and Markers.</span> Washington, D.C.: Department of Veterans Affairs National Cemetery Administration.</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait="">Sammartino, Therese T. (n.d.). <span style="font-style: italic;">A Promise Made—A Commitment Kept: The Story of America’s Civil War Era National Cemeteries</span>. Washington, D.C.: Department of Veterans Affairs, National Cemetery Administration.</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait="">Steere, Edward. (1954). <span style="font-style: italic;">Shrines of the Honored Dead: A Study of the National Cemetery System.</span> Washington, D.C.: Department of the Army Office of the Quartermaster General.</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait="">U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (Reviewed/Updated Date: March 12, 2009). <span style="font-style: italic;">Burial and Memorials: General History</span>, retrieved May 16, 2009 from http://www.cem.va.gov/hist/history.asp</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait="">U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (Reviewed/Updated Date: March 12, 2009). <span style="font-style: italic;">History of Government Furnished Headstones and Markers</span>, retrieved May 16, 2009 from http://www.cem.va.gov/hist/hmhist.asp</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait="">Vermont Marble Co. (1907). <span style="font-style: italic;">Price List of Rutland White, Rutland Blue, Sutherland Falls, Esperanza Blue, Pittsford Valley</span>. St. Albans, VT: St. Albans Messenger Company Print.</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait="">© Copyright May 2009 by Kimberly J. Sawtelle. All rights reserved.</soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s><br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><span style="font-style: italic;">To protect the safety of the above cited headstones, locations and cemetery names were deliberately omitted from this publication. For additional information or to contact the author, kimberjs@gmail.com.<br /><br />Please excuse the utter crap HTML coding of Blogger. Must be a Microsoft product.<br /></span></soldier’s></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""></soldier’s></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;"><soldier’s portrait=""><br /></soldier’s></span></div>Kimberly J. Sawtellehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14205580201786739150noreply@blogger.com7